ĐIỂN HÌNH HÓA SƠ ĐỒ MẠNG TIẾN ĐỘ THI CÔNG TRONG THI CÔNG PHẦN NGẦM BẰNG CÔNG NGHỆ TOP – DOWN

LINK DOWNLOAD MIỄN PHÍ TÀI LIỆU "ĐIỂN HÌNH HÓA SƠ ĐỒ MẠNG TIẾN ĐỘ THI CÔNG TRONG THI CÔNG PHẦN NGẦM BẰNG CÔNG NGHỆ TOP – DOWN": http://123doc.vn/document/1038263-dien-hinh-hoa-so-do-mang-tien-do-thi-cong-trong-thi-cong-phan-ngam-bang-cong-nghe-top-down.htm

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II. QUY TRèNH CễNG NGH:
e1
c1
Sàn tầng hầm
Trong đất
Tờng
Cọc nhồi
Giai đoạn 2 : Đổ sàn tầng trệt
Bê tông sàn
e1
e2
c2
c1
Giai đoạn 6 : Đ ổ bê tông tầng đáy + đài m óng
Đ ổ bê tông sàn tầng e2
đổ bê tông tầng e1
Giai đoạn 4 : Đ ổ sàn tầng ngầm c1
Tờng trong đất
Cọc nhồi
Đ ào
Tờng
Cọc nhồi
Cọc nhồi
Trong đất
Tờng
Trong đất
Đ ổ bê tông cột tầng e2
Giai đoạn 5 : Đào đất tầng hầm c2
Giai đoạn 3 : Đ ào đất tầng ngầm c1
và tờng trong đất
Giai đoạn 1 : T hi công cọc nhồi
Cỏc giai on thi cụng Top-down bng hỡnh v vi nh nhiu tng cú 2 tng hm.


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Trong cụng ngh Top-down, cỏc tng hm c m u thi cụng bng quỏ trỡnh thi cụng
phn tng võy xung quanh nh (sau ny phn trờn nh ca tng võy dựng lm tng
bao ca ton b cỏc tng hm) v h cc khoan nhi (nm di chõn cỏc múng ct) bờn
trong mt bng nh. Tng võy thi cụng theo cụng ngh cc nhi bờ tụng ti ct khụng
(ct nn ngay trờn mt t) (khụng tớnh phn bờ tụng cht lng kộm trờn nh vo trong
thnh phn tng). Riờng cỏc cc khoan nhi bờ tụng nm di múng ct phớa trong mt
bng nh thỡ khụng thi cụng ti mt t m ch ti ngang ct múng (khụng tớnh phn bờ
tụng u cc nhi, phi ty b i sau ny). Phn trờn chu lc tt, ngay bờn di múng ca
cỏc cc nhi ny c t sn cỏc ct thộp bng thộp hỡnh, ch di lờn trờn ti ct khụng
(ct nn ngay ti mt t). Cỏc ct thộp hỡnh ny, l tr cỏc tng nh hỡnh thnh trong
khi thi cụng Top-down, nờn nú phi c tớnh toỏn chu c tt c cỏc tng nh, m
c hon thnh trc khi thi cụng xong phn ngm (gm tt c cỏc tng hm cng thờm
mt s nht nh cỏc tng thuc phõn thõn ó nh trc).
Tip theo o rónh trờn mt t (lm khuụn dm), dựng ngay mt t lm khuụn hoc
mt phn ca khuụn ỳc dm v sn bờ tụng ct thộp ti ct khụng. Khi bờ tụng sn cao
trỡnh khụng phi cha li phn sn khu thang b lờn xung tng ngm, (cựng kt hp
vi ụ thang mỏy) ly li o t v a t lờn khi thi cụng tng hm. Sn ny phi c
liờn kt chc vi cỏc ct thộp hỡnh lm tr ch sn nờu trờn, v liờn kt chc vi h
tng võy (tng võy l gi chu lc vnh vin ca sn bờ tụng ny). Sau khi bờ tụng
dm, sn ti ct khụng ó t cng thỏo d khuụn ỳc, ngi ta tin hnh cho mỏy o
chui qua cỏc l thang ch sn nờu trờn, xung o t tng hm ngay bờn di sn ct
khụng. sau ú li tin hnh bờ tụng sn tng hm ny, ngay trờn mt t va o, tng
t thi cụng nh sn ti ct khụng, ri tin hnh lp ghộp ct thộp ct tng hm, lp khuụn
ct tng hm v bờ tụng chỳng.
C lm nh cỏch thi cụng tng hm u tiờn ny, vi cỏc tng hm bờn di. Riờng tng
hm cui cựng thay vỡ bờ tụng sn thỡ tin hnh thi cụng kt cu múng v i múng.
ng thi vi vic thi cụng mi tng hm thỡ trờn mt t ngi ta vn cú th thi cụng mt
hay vi tng nh thuc phn thõn nh bỡnh thng. Sau khi thi cụng xong ht cỏc kt cu
ca tng hm ngi ta mi thi cụng h thng thang b v thang mỏy lờn xung tng hm.








Túm li, quỏ trỡnh thi cụng theo phng phỏp top-down thng i theo trỡnh t tng bc
nh sau:
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Giai on I: Thi cụng phn ct chng tm bng thộp hỡnh
Phng ỏn chng tm theo phng ng l dựng cỏc ct chng tm bng thộp hỡnh cm
trc vo cỏc cc khoan nhi ỳng v trớ cỏc ct sut chiu cao t mt t n cc nhi.
Cỏc ct ny c thi cụng ngay trong giai on thi cụng cc khoan nhi
Giai on II: Thi cụng phn kt cu ngay trờn mt t ( tng 1 ct 0.00m )
o mt phn t to chiu cao cho thi cụng dm sn tng 1
Ghộp vỏn khuụn thi cụng tng 1
t ct thộp thi cụng bờ tụng dm - sn tng 1
Ch cho bờ tụng cú ph gia 90% cng yờu cu
Giai on III : Thi cụng tng hm th nht
Thỏo vỏn khuụn dm - sn tng 1
Búc t n cao trinh yờu cu
Ghộp vỏn khuụn thi cụng tng ngm th nht
t ct thộp v bờ tụng dm - sn tng ngm th nht
Ghộp vỏn khuụn thi cụng ct tng t tng hm th nht n tng 1
Ch 10 ngy cho bờ tụng cú ph gia 90% cng yờu cu
Giai on IV: Thi cụng tng hm di cựng
o t n ct mt di ca i cc
Chng thm cho phn múng
Thi cụng i cc
Thi cụng chng thm sn tng hm
Thi cụng ct thộp bờ tụng sn tng hm di cựng
Thi cụng ct v li t tng hm di cựng lờn tng hm th nht .





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THI CễNG TNG VY
1.1. Cụng ngh thi cụng
i vi thi cụng tng hm, vn thit k v thi cụng vỏch thnh h o l mt trong
cỏc vn ln. Mt khỏc, vỡ cụng trỡnh nm trong ni thnh thnh ph H Ni bờn cnh
thnh h o l cỏc cụng trỡnh cú sn, thc t cụng trỡnh ny hai mt l ng giao thụng
quan trng, mt cũn li gn sỏt vi mt tr s lm vic cú sn nờn la chn gii phỏp thi
cụng phn ngm khụng lm nh hng n cỏc cụng trỡnh lõn cn l yờu cu c bit
quan trng.
Hin nay, cú nhiu phng phỏp gi thnh h o tu thuc sõu h o, iu kin a
cht, mt bng thi cụng, gii phỏp kt cu nh: h cc c thộp (Sheet-piling), h ct thộp
mnh kt hp vi tm chn bng g cp pha c gi bng h ct chng a dng v
phng phỏp tng trong t chng thnh h o v o t cho n ct ỏy i sau ú
thi cụng t di lờn bỡnh thng. Vi hai phng phỏp trờn cú u im l thi cụng n
gin hn v khi thi cụng o t h o xong cú th rỳt chỳng thi cụng ch khỏc vỡ vy tit
kim c khi thi cụng nhng phng phỏp ny ch t ra cú hiu qu kinh t khi h o l
nhng h múng cụng trỡnh khụng cú tng hm ch phc v cho cụng tỏc lm múng hoc ch
cú mt tng ngm v sau khi rỳt c lờn thỡ vn phi lm tng tng hm. Cũn vi cụng
trỡnh ny do cú hai tng ngm h múng rt sõu v cn cú tng bao nờn hai phng phỏp
u khụng phự hp. Phng phỏp tng trong t cú hiu qu hn vỡ trong quỏ trỡnh o
t nú l vỏch gi thnh h sau ú c gi li lm tng chn tng hm. Vi nhng lý do
trờn ta chn phng phỏp tng trong t gi thnh h o.



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Thi cụng tng trong t gm cỏc giai on sau:
Cụng tỏc chun b.
nh v trớ tim tng.
Xõy dng theo trc tng lai cỏc tng nh v.
o tng t ho trong va sột.
Xỏc nhn sõu h o v no vột ỏy h.
t vo ho cỏc khung ct thộp v thit b chn u ca t ho.
X lý cn lng ỏy h o.
bờ tụng tng bng phng phỏp bờ tụng trong nc.
1.2. Cụng tỏc chun b:
a. T chc mt bng thi cụng:
vic thi cụng tng võy trong t cú kt qu tt cn thc hin nghiờm chnh
v k lng nhng khõu chun b sau:
Nghiờn cu k bn v thit k tng, ti liu a cht thu vn ca cụng trỡnh, cỏc
yờu cu k thut ca tng trong t, cỏc yờu cu riờng ca ngi thit k.
Lp phng ỏn k thut thi cụng.
Lp phng ỏn t chc thi cụng.
Kh nng gõy nh hng n khu vc v cụng trỡnh lõn cn.
Tng mt bng thi cụng:
Mt bng thi cụng c t chc nhm bo m hp lý thi cụng liờn tc, giao
thụng thun tin khụng chng chộo. V trớ gia cụng ct thộp c b trớ ni khụ rỏo,
thun tin cho vic vn chuyn. B phn c khớ sa cha, c b trớ bờn cnh khu
gia cụng ct thộp kt hp dng c gia cụng v sa cha. H thng in c ni
t trm bin th trờn cụng trng v mỏy phỏt in d phũng.
Tin thi cụng:
Tin thi cụng cụng trỡnh c tin hnh v ph thuc vo phng tin thi cụng tm
hm l ch yu. Tt c cỏc cụng vic c bn nh:
o t bng gu ngom a t vo xe t t khung ct thộp vo ho
phc v bờ tụng bng phng phỏp bờ tụng trong nc, c hon thnh bng
mt loi mỏy l cn cu bỏnh xớch.
b. Thit b phc v thi cụng:
Dõy chuyn cung cp v thu hi Bentonite:

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Chn mỏy, thit b thi cụng tng tng hm, gm:
Mỏy o: vic chn mỏy lm t ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh loi v nhúm t,
iu kin mt bng thi cụng, chiu sõu ho v kh nng cung cp thit b ca th
trng.
Mt u im khi dựng gu o l va sột khụng úng vai trũ chuyn t o lờn b
mt nờn khụng cn thit phi lm sch liờn tc va sột. Kinh nghim thi cụng
chng t lng tiờu hao va sột gim ỏng k v khi o thỡ lng t o ra ri
tr li ho ớt hn khi dựng thit b khoan ct.


Thit b bờ tụng: thit b bờ tụng c dựng nhng ng thộp cú khp thỏo
nhanh ni vi phu, cú thit b nõng ng, thỏo i tng khõu. Ta dựng ng
Tremie vi ng kớnh 200, khong cỏch gia hai ng l 3m, dựng hai ng cho
mi t o v dựng xe t trn vn chuyn bờ tụng t nh mỏy n cụng trng
trc tip vo phu
ng bao cha dung dch Bentonite: l ng bng thộp cm sõu xung t 0.4m.
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Cu phc v o t v bờ tụng:
Cỏc thit b khỏc: gu vột, tm tụn lút ng cho mỏy ch bờ tụng, tm thộp cho
mỏy o ng, bn kp phu, clờ xớch thỏo lp ng bờ tụng.
Dng c gia cụng thộp, mỏy hn, mỏy un thộp, mỏy ct thộp.
Thit b o c, mỏy kinh v, thc o.




c. Vt liu
Bờ tụng:
Yờu cu v thnh phn cp phi :
+ Bờ tụng dựng cho cc l bờ tụng thng phm vi mỏc thit l 300.
+ bờ tụng cc trờn nguyờn tc l dựng ng dn (phng phỏp va dõng ) nờn
t l cp phi bờ tụng cng phi phự hp vi phng phỏp ny(bờ tụng phi cú
do, dớnh, d chy trong ng dn ):
T l nc -xi mng c khng ch

50% .
Khi lng xi mng nh mc trờn 350 (Kg/m
3
)(thng 400kg/ 1m
3
BT).
T l cỏt khong 45%.
st hỡnh nún hp lớ l 18 1,5 (cm) ( thng 1318cm).Vic cung cp bờ tụng
phi liờn tc sao cho ton b thi gian bờ tụng 1 cc c tin hnh trong 4 gi
Cú th s dng ph gia tha món cỏc c tớnh trờn ca bờ tụng.
ng kớnh ln nht ca ct liu l tr s nh nht trong cỏc kớch thc sau :
+ Mt phn t mt ụ ca lng ct thộp.
+ Mt na lp bo v ct thộp.
+ Mt phn t ng kớnh trong ca ng bờ tụng.
Ct thộp:
Ct thộp c s dng ỳng chng loi mu mó c qui nh trong thit k ó
c phờ duyt, ct thộp phi cú chng ch ca nh sn xut v kt qu thớ
nghim ca mt phũng thớ nghim c lp cú y t cỏch phỏp nhõn cho tng
lụ trc khi a vo s dng.
Ct thộp c gia cụng, buc, dng thnh tng lng, di 11.7m /1 lng c vn
chuyn v t lờn giỏ gn vi v trớ lp t thun tin cho vic thi cụng sau ny.
Chiu di mi ni buc 45d (d l ng kớnh thộp chớnh) , mi ni buc phi
chc chn. Mi ni buc ca thộp chớnh dựng dõy thộp buc cú ng kớnh 3,2
(mm).
Thộp chớnh v thộp ai dựng dõy thộp buc cú ng kớnh 0,8 (mm).
Mi ni thộp ai dựng mi ni hn in mt bờn, chiu di ng hn 15d
Thộp ai gia cng c hn vi thộp chu lc .
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C li mộp mộp gia cỏc ct ch phi ln hn 3 ln ng kớnh ht ct liu thụ
ca bờ tụng.
ai tng cng nờn t mộp ngoi ct ch, ct ch khụng cú un múc, múc lm
theo yờu cu cụng ngh thi cụng khụng c thũ vo bờn trong lm nh hng n
hot ng ca ng dn bờ tụng.
ng kớnh trong ca lng thộp phi ln hn 100mm so vi ng kớnh ngoi
ch u ni ng dn bờ tụng.
m bo dy ca lp bờ tụng bo v cn t cỏc nh v trờn thanh ct ch
cho tng mt ct theo chiu sõu ca cc.


Dung dch Bentonite :
Trong thi cụng cc Barrette dung dch Bentonite cú nh hng ln ti cht lng
cc:
+ Cao trỡnh ca dung dch thp, cung cp khụng , Bentonite b loóng, tỏch
nc d dn n d sp thnh h khoan, t cc bờ tụng.
+ Dung dch quỏ c, hm lng cỏt nhiu dn n khú bờ tụng, tc ng ,
lng cỏt ln lng mi cc s lm gim sc chu ti ca cc .
Tỏc dng ca dung dch Bentonite:
+ Lm cho thnh h o khụng b sp nh dung dch chui sõu vo cỏc khe cỏt ,
khe nt , quyn vi cỏt ri d sp l gi cho cỏt v cỏc vt th vn khụng b
ri v to thnh mt mng n hi bc quanh thnh vỏch h gi cho nc
khụng thm vo vỏch .
+ To mụi trng nng nõng nhng t ỏ, vn khoan, cỏt vn ni lờn mt trờn
tro hoc hỳt khi h khoan.
+ Lm chm li vic lng cn xung ca cỏc ht cỏt trng thỏi ht nh huyn
phự nhm d x lý lng cn.
1.3. nh v tim tng
Cn c vo bn nh v cụng trỡnh, lp mc cụng trỡnh (c cp cú thm
quyn kim tra, cụng nhn).
T mt bng nh v thit lp h thng nh v v li khng ch cho cụng trỡnh
theo h to X, Y.
Dựng mỏy kinh v tin hnh cụng tỏc trc a theo ho v tng (cm tuyn,
cao , v trớ).
1.4. bờ tụng tng nh v
Mc ớch tng nh v l nh
hng mỏy thi cụng ho m bo n
nh cho cỏc vỏch ho trong phn
trờn ca nú (tng t ng chng
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vỏch trong thi cụng cc nhi).
1.5. o tng t ho tng chn t
a) Chn v tớnh toỏn thi gian thi cụng tng
Trỡnh t thi cụng cỏc on thỡ cú nhiu phng phỏp: cỏc on ho giao nhau, cỏc on
ho ni vi nhau, ho liờn tc nhi tng on, ho liờn tc nhi liờn tc Vic la
chn phng phỏp thi cụng no ph thuc vo cỏc yu t nh iu kin thi cụng,
trỡnh t chcv quan trng nht l kh nng v cụng ngh, thit b.

La chn chiu di cỏc t o cng l mt
vn quan trng. Khi cú nhiu mi ni
quỏ s hn ch s chng thm v nh
hng n tin thi cụng.
b) Chn v xỏc nh mi ni gia cỏc t
ho:
Trong thi cụng tng chn t m bo
c kh nng chụng thm ca tng thỡ
cỏc panen tng phi c liờn kt vi
nhau v phi cú h thng chng thm gia
cỏc ch liờn kt.
ó cú nhiu nh sn xut phỏp trin cỏc h
thụng khp ni gia cỏc tm pa nel tng
riờng ca mỡnh: õy ta trỡnh by h khp
ni CWS ca hóng BACHY ó c coi l
hiu qu hn c.
Nguyờn tc ca khp ni CWS: Khp ni CWS l mt tm chn sn cú th rỳt ra sau
khi o panel k bờn cho phộp thi cụng cỏc khp ni kớn nc gia cỏc panel tng
mt cỏch d dng.
Lp dng v thỏo d khp ni CWS: Trc khi luụn chuyn dung dch bentonit, cỏc
khp ni CWS oc lp dng ta u cỏc panel ó o xong. Cỏc panel khi u cú
khp ni 2 u, cỏc panel tip
ch cú khp ni ti mt u v
cỏc panel úng khụng cú khp
ni.
Cỏc thun li khi dựng khp ni
CWS:
+ Thỏo d tm chn d dng
khụng ph thuc vo cụng tỏc
bờtụng gim bt cng
thng vo cui gi bờtụng, dng t chc sn xut.
2
1
3
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+ L ng dn tuyt vi cho gu o khi o panel bờn cnh.
+ Cho phộp lp tm chn nc cao su d dng.
+ Lm vỏn khuụn to hỡnh khi cho panel bo v panel mi khi o tm k bờn
cnh gi c v sinh cho khp ni.
1.6. Kim ta sõu h o no vột ỏy h
Dựng thc o loi dõy mm ớt thm nc cú chia n cm, mt u c nh vo tang
quay. Trong thc t xỏc nh im dng ỏy h o, khi o n a tng th 4
thỡ ly mu cho tng gu. Dựng gu vột vột sch t ỏ ri trong ỏy h khoan.
o chiu sõu thc t.

1.7. H khung ct thộp
Cụng tỏc chun b v lp khung ct thộp vo trong ho c thc hin theo trỡnh t sau:
phn trờn ca khung ct thộp cú hn mt thanh ngang, sau khi h khung ct thộp
vo ho thỡ thanh ngang ny ta lờn tng nh v. Nu khung ct thộp lp t cỏc
khi, thỡ u tiờn h t di cựng v treo trờn tng nh v, sau ú hn ni cỏc t
trờn mt cỏch ln lt n khi khung h n sõu thit k.
1.8. Lp ng bờ tụng (ng TREMIE)
ng Tremie c lm bng thộp cú ng kớnh 25 - 30cm, cỏc on ng chớnh di
3m, cỏc on ng ph di 2m , 1.5m v 0.5m cú th lp rỏp t hp tu theo chiu
sõu h khoan. Cú th ni ng bờ tụng theo hai c ch, bng ren v bng cỏp. Ch
ni thng cú giong cao su ngn dung dch Bentonite thõm nhp vo ng v
c bụi m cho vic thỏo lp ng bờ tụng c d dng.
ng c lp dn t di lờn. ỏy di ng bờ tụng t cỏch ỏy h khoan 20
cm trỏnh mựn khoan, t ỏ vo gõy tc ng. Sau khi lp xong ng Tremie thỡ
tin hnh lp phn trờn. Phn trờn ny cú hai ca: mt ca a ng khớ nộn cú
ng kớnh 45, mt ca ni vi ng dn 150 thu hi dung dch Bentonite v
mỏy lc.
1.9. X lớ cn lng ỏy h o
V sinh ỏy ho l mt giai on cụng ngh quan trng m bo phn
chõn tng khụng cú lp t bựn nhm phỏt huy kh nng chu ti ca tng (trỏnh
hin tng lỳn do chiu dy bựn quỏ nhiu so vi quy nh). V sinh ỏy ho bng
phng phỏp thi ra dựng khớ nộn.
Khớ nộn c thi qua ng ng 45 nm bờn trong ng bờ tụng vi ỏp
lc v c gi liờn tc cho n khi hỳt ht t bựn. Khớ nộn ra khi ng 45 quay
li thoỏt lờn trờn ng to thnh ỏp lc hỳt ỏy ng a dung dch Bentonite
v bựn, cỏt lng theo ng bờ tụng n mỏy lc dung dch. Trong quỏ trỡnh thi ra
ỏy ho phi liờn tc cp bự dung dch Bentonite m bo cao trỡnh dung dch
Bentonite khụng thay i.

Tài liệu Step IV ppt

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Step IV
Brown, Rosel George
Published: 1960
Categorie(s): Fiction, Science Fiction, Short Stories
Source: http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/30884
1
About Brown:
Rosel George Brown (March 15, 1926 – November 26, 1967) was an
American science fiction author Born New Orleans, Louisiana, she lived
in the city of her birth with her husband after concluding her formal edu-
cation at Sophie Newcomb College, where she majored in Greek, and at
the University of Minnesota where she received her M.A. in Greek.
Several of her books were dedicated to her husband W. Burlie Brown,
who was a history professor at Tulane University. The couple had two
children. In addition to writing, she worked as a teacher and a welfare
visitor in Louisiana. In 1959, she was nominated for the Hugo Award for
best new author, but her career was cut short when she died of lymph-
oma at the age of 41 in 1967. The fourth Nebula Award Anthology con-
tains an obituary written by Daniel F. Galouye, and Anne McCaffrey
dedicated her 1970 anthology Alchemy & Academe to Brown, along with
several other people. Brown and McCaffrey had met at a Milford
Writer's Workshop.
Copyright: Please read the legal notice included in this e-book and/or
check the copyright status in your country.
Note: This book is brought to you by Feedbooks
http://www.feedbooks.com
Strictly for personal use, do not use this file for commercial purposes.
2
Transcriber's Note:
This etext was produced from Amazing Stories June 1960. Extensive
research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this
publication was renewed.
3
T
he first time Juba saw him, she couldn't help recalling the descrip-
tion of Ariovistus in Julius Caesar: Hominem esse barbarum, iracun-
dum, temerarium.
She unpinned the delicate laesa from her hair, for Terran spacemen are
educated, and if they have a choice, or seem to have, prefer seduction to
rape.
Step. I. A soft answer turneth away wrath, leaving time for making
plans.
He caught the flower, pleased with himself, Juba saw, for not fum-
bling, pleased with his manhood, pleased with his morality in deciding
not to rape her.
Rule a—A man pleased with himself is off guard.
He was big, even for a Man, and all hair, and in his heavy arms the
veins were knotted and very blue. He had taken off his shirt, letting the
air blow shamelessly over him.
It was true he was wonderful to see. And Juba knew that such is the
nature of our violences, if she had been born into such a body, she too,
would be a thing of wars and cruelty, a burner of cities, a carrier of death
and desolation.
His face softened, as though the hand of Juno had passed over it.
Softly he gazed at the flower, softly at Juba.
Rule b—This is the only time they are tractable.
"Vene mecum," she bade him, retreating into the glade—what was left
of it after his ship burned a scar into it. She ran lightly, so as to give the
impression that if he turned, only so far as to pick up the weapon on the
ground by his shirt, she would disappear.
"I follow," he said in her own language, and she stopped, surprise
tangling her like a net. For she had been taught that Men speak only
New-language in our time, all soft tongues having been scorned to
death.
She should not have stopped. He looked back toward his gun. "Wait a
moment," he said. His "a"'s were flat and harsh, his words awkwardly
sequenced.
"Come with me," she said, and ran off again. She had been caught off
guard.
Would he follow her? "Wait!" he cried, hesitated, and came after her
again. "I want to get my gun." He reached for Juba's hand.
She shrank back from him. "Mulier enim sum." Would he get the force
of the particle? What could he fear from a mere woman?
4
When he had followed her far enough, when he had gone as far as he
would, for fear of losing his way from his ship, she let him take her
hand.
"Terran sum," he said. And then, with meaning, "Homino sum."
"Then you are, naturally, hungry," Juba said. "You have no need to
come armed. Let me take you to my home. There are only my sisters and
I and the mother."
"Yes," he said, and took her other hand.
She blushed, because he was strangely attractive, and because the
thought came to her that his ways were gentle, and that if he spoke a soft
tongue, perhaps he was not like other Men.
Rule c—They are all alike.
"Come," Juba said, turning, "We are not far from the cottages."
She watched, during the meal, to see how he impressed the sisters and
the mother. The little sisters—all bouncy blond curls and silly with
laughter—their reaction to everything was excitement. And the moth-
er—how could she seem so different from her daughters when they were
so completely of her? They had no genes but her genes. And yet, there
she sat, so dignified, offering a generous hospitality, but so cold Juba
could feel it at the other end of the table. So cold—but the Man would
not know, could not read the thin line of her taut lips and the faint lift at
the edges of her eyes.
Juba brought him back to the ship that night, knowing he would not
leave the planet.
"Mother," Juba said, kneeling before the mother and clasping her knees
in supplication. "Mother … isn't he … different?"
"Juba," the mother said, "there is blood on his hands. He has killed.
Can't you see it in his eyes?"
"Yes. He has a gun and he has used it. But mother—there is a gentle-
ness in him. Could he not change? Perhaps I, myself… ."
"Beware," the mother said sternly, "that you do not fall into your own
traps."
"But you have never really known a man, have you? I mean, except for
servants?"
"I have also," she said, "never had an intimate conversation with a lion,
nor shared my noonday thoughts with a spider."
"But lions and spiders can't talk. That's the difference. They have no
understanding."
5
"Neither have men. They are like your baby sister, Diana, who is reas-
onable until it no longer suits her, and then the only difference between
her and an animal is that she has more cunning."
"Yes," Juba said resignedly, getting to her feet. "If thus it is Written.
Thank you, Mother. You are a wellspring of knowledge."
"Juba," Mother said with a smile, pulling the girl's cloak, for she liked
to please them, "would you like him for a pet? Or your personal
servant?"
"No," she said, and she could feel the breath sharp in her lungs. "I
would rather… . He would make a good spectacle in the gladiatorial
contests. He would look well with a sword through his heart."
She would not picture him a corpse. She put the picture from her
mind. But even less would she picture him unmanned.
He would rather die strong than live weak. And Juba—why should
she have this pride for him? For she felt pride, pangs as real as the pangs
of childbirth. There are different kinds of pride, but the worst kind of
pride is pride in strength, pride in power. And she knewthat was what
she felt. She was sinning with full knowledge and she could not put her
sin from her.
Juba ran straight to the altar of Juno, and made libation with her own
tears. "Mother Juno," she prayed, "take from me my pride. For pride is
the wellspring whence flow all sins."
But even as she prayed, her reason pricked at her. For she was taught
from childhood to be reasonable above all things. And, having spoken
with this Man, having found him courteous and educated, she could not
believe he was beyond redemption simply because he was a Man. It was
true that in many ways he was strange and different. But were they not
more alike than different?
And as for his violences—were they much better, with their gladiatori-
al combats? Supposed to remind them, of course, of the bloodshed they
had abhorred and renounced. But who did not secretly enjoy it? And
whose thumbs ever went up when the Moment came? And this making
of pets and servants out of Men—what was that but the worst pride of
all? Glorying that a few incisions in the brain and elsewhere gave them
the power to make forever absurd what came to them with the seeds at
least of sublimity.
Juba stood up. Who was she to decide what is right and what is
wrong?
She faced the world and its ways were too dark for her, so she faced
away.
6
There was a sound in the brush near her, and she wished the stars
would wink out, for the sound had the rhythm of her Mother's approach,
and Juba wanted to hide her face from her mother.
The mother frowned at Juba, a little wearily. "You have decided to for-
sake the world and become a Watcher of the Holy Flame. Am I not
right?"
"You are right, mother."
"You think that way you avoid decision, is that not right?"
"That is right," Juba answered.
She motioned the girl to the edge of the raised, round stone and sat. "It
is impossible to avoid decision. The decision is already made. What you
will not do, someone else will do, and all you will have accomplished is
your own failure."
"It is true," Juba said. "But why must this be done, Mother? This is a
silly ceremony, a thing for children, this symbolic trial. Can we not just
say, 'Now Juba is a woman,' without having to humiliate this poor Man,
who after all doesn't… ."
"Look into your heart, Juba," the mother interrupted. "Are your feel-
ings silly? Is this the play of children?"
"No," she admitted. For never before had she been thus tormented
within herself.
"You think that this Man is different, do you not? Or perhaps that all
men are not so savage of soul as you have been taught. Well, I tell you
that a Man's nature is built into his very chromosomes, and you should
know that."
"I know, mother." For Juba was educated.
"There was a reason once, why men should be as they are. Nature is
not gentle and if nature is left to herself, the timid do not survive. But if
bloodlust was once a virtue, it is no longer a virtue, and if men will end
up killing each other off, let us not also be killed."
"No," Juba said. For who would mind the hearths?
"All that," the mother said, rising and dusting off her robe, "is theory,
and ideas touch not the heart. Let me but remind you that the choice is
yours, and when the choice is made I shall not yea or nay you, but think
on this—a woman, too, must have her quiet strength, and you spring of a
race of queens. How shall the people look to the Tanaids for strength in
times of doubt and trouble, if a Tanaid cannot meet the Trial? The choice
is yours. But think on who you are."
7
The mother slipped away and left Juba alone in the quiet precinct of
Juno, watching how the little fire caught at the silver backs of turned
leaves when the wind blew.
Yes, Juba knew who she was, though they had never made it an im-
portant thing to be a ruler. But ruler or not, she loved her land and her
home and her people, and even this ringed space of quiet where the spir-
it of Juno burned safely. Life somehow had chosen for her to be born and
had made room for her in this particular place. Now she must choose it,
freely. Otherwise she would never have in her hands the threads of her
own life, and there would be no life for her. Only the complete loss of
self that comes to the Watchers of the Holy Flame. And that is a holy
thing, and an honor to one's house, if it is chosen from the heart. But if it
is chosen from fear of crossing the passageways of life—then it is no hon-
or but a shame.
And Juba knew she could not bear such a shame, either for her house
or within the depths of her soul.
"Mother Juno," she prayed, "make clear the vision of my soul, and let
me not, in my vanity, think I find good what the goddesses see to be
evil."
So she rose with a strong and grateful heart, as though she had already
faced her trial and had been equal to it.
The rest of the night she slept warmly, so unaware are we of the forces
within us.
The first fingers of the sun pulled Juba from her cot, as they pull the
dew from the green things of the earth, and she pinned in her hair the
first Laesa she saw that the sun's fingers had forced.
The Man was standing beside his space ship again. It was a small
ship—indeed, from the angle of Juba's approach, and from the glancings
of the sun, it looked smaller than the Man.
Juba's decision held firm within her, for she saw there was no humility
in him. He stood there laughing at the dawn, as though he were a very
god, and were allowing the earth and sky to draw off their shadows for
him, instead of standing in awe and full gratitude for the gift of life, and
feeling, as one should, the smallness of a person and the weakness of a
person's power, compared with the mighty forces that roll earth and sky
into another day.
It is in this way, Juba thought, that men seem strong, because they
have no knowledge of their own weaknesses. But it is only a seeming
8
strength, since it stems from ignorance, and the flower of it falls early
from the bush.
Juba did not, however, say all this.
Rule d—A man's ego is his most precious possession.
"You are very strong," Juba said, her eyes downcast, for he was bare
again to the waist, and it had come to her that she would like to string
her fingers through the hair on his chest.
"Runs in the family," he said carelessly. "But come, I had dinner with
you yesterday. Let's have breakfast in my ship today."
"I… ." What was she afraid of? If he'd meant to do her any violence,
he'd have done it already. And this would provide Juba's opportun-
ity—"Yes," she said. "I would be delighted."
There had to be some talk, and perhaps something else, before she
could make her request of him. They had to be friends of some sort be-
fore he was at all likely to agree.
It is difficult to make conversation with a man.
Finally Juba gave up trying to think of something interesting to say
and asked, "What is your way of life, that you should be going around
by yourself in a space ship?"
"My way of life?" He laughed. "It becomes a way of life, doesn't it?
Whatever we do ends up enveloping us, doesn't it?"
For a man he was thoughtful.
"I'm a scout," he said. "I don't know that I chose it as a way of life. I
was born into the Solar Federation and I was born male and I grew up
healthy and stable and as patriotic as any reasonable person can be ex-
pected to be. When war came I was drafted. I volunteered for scouting
because the rest of it is dull. War is dull. It is unimaginably dull."
"Then why," Juba asked, for she was amazed at this, "do you fight
wars?"
Again he laughed. Is there anything these men don't laugh at? "That's
the riddle of the sphinx."
That is not the riddle of the sphinx, but Juba did not correct him.
"When you're attacked," he went on, "you fight back."
"It could not possibly," Juba said, "be as simple as you make it sound."
"Of course, it isn't," he said, and he took two square sheets that looked
like papyrus, and put them each in a bowl. "There is the question of what
you did, or did not do, that you should be attacked."
"And what did you do, or not do, that you should be attacked?"
9
He was pouring a bluish-looking milk over the papyrus thing. His
hands were too large for everything he handled, and Juba wondered, if
his hand were on her wrist, if he could crush it. Or, being able to crush it,
if he would take care not to.
"Oh—trade agreements, immigration agreements, how many space
ships can go where—who can say what either side did when or where to
begin it all? Nobody is making it happen. Sometimes, perhaps. But not as
far as this war is concerned. All I can say now is—O.K., for whatever
reason I'm in a war. At this point, what can I do but kill or be killed?"
Juba mashed the papyrus into the milk with her spoon, as the man
was doing. She took a bite. It tasted just like it looked.
"You could," Juba said, "refuse to have anything to do with it at all.
You could simply go away and… ." She stood up and the spoon clattered
to the floor and she could feel the bowl of milk spill cold and sticky
along her thigh. Because that's just what you can't do. You can't pull the
thread of your life out of the general weaving.
She looked at her adversary, and he was as close to her as the darkness
is to the evening.
"No," he said. "Life flows. A person's life or a civilization's life or all
humanity's life. If it cannot flow forward it flows backward. Isn't that
true? Isn't it?"
But she turned away from him, to recover herself a little. For she felt
that he was right and her country and her foremothers were wrong and
she was wrong and yet—she had made her choice last night, at the altar
of Juno, and though she felt herself possessed by new understanding,
she had to go on in spite of it, as though she fought wounded or blinded.
"You are perhaps right," Juba said. "I am only a woman and I do not
know. But still, can you not take a few days from your war? Must you
think always on that and never on anything else?"
He ate another of the paper things, not melting it first, and drank from
the container.
"Look, Juba," he said, "I've been thinking on other things ever since I
got here, but first I want to… ."
"First," Juba interrupted, for here was her moment, "I ask one thing of
you. Only that you radio incorrect coordinates back to your base. Say
you have moved on, that this is a barren world."
"Let me talk to you first," he said. "I want to… ."
"Please," Juba begged, moving toward him. "It is no loss to you. Only a
small favor, to protect our planet from outsiders, in return for … for
10
whatever pleasures I can provide for you, or my sisters, if I do not please
you."
"All right," he said, turning to his communication equipment. "If that's
the only way you're going to let me speak to you."
"Your tape," Juba said. "Turn on your tape."
"Tape!"
"I do not speak New-language. I will have to have it translated."
The man looked at Juba hard and worked at the corner of his mouth
with his tongue.
"All right," he said, flipping a switch. He turned to his equipment and
spoke his strange language into it. It was rough and she liked it.
"Now," he began.
"Give me the tape," Juba interrupted.
He jostled a flat box out of the wall, held the tape up to the light and
snapped off a small portion and handed it to Juba.
"Come outside," she said, taking his hand. "My world is more beautiful
than your space ship."
"Can't deny that," he said, watching the branches of the Untouchable
Bush draw away as they walked through it.
"Now," he said, when he was stretched out on the undulant moss. He
felt at the patch of moss sprouting under the warmth of his palm, and
watched while an exploratory tendril curled around his little finger.
"Now—do you know what it is I want of you?"
"I have," Juba said, "some idea." She hadn't known they talked about it.
She thought they just did it.
"Well, you're wrong."
"Oh," she said, and stood up and walked over to the brook so he
would not see her face. For she wondered wherein she was lacking and
she was embarrassed. "Then," she asked, "what do you want of me?"
"There is, as I said, a war on. I am, as I said, a scout. I'm looking for a
communications base halfway between a certain strategic enemy outpost
and a certain strategic allied outpost."
"Why?"
"Why? I don't know why. Does the grain of sand know where the
beach ends? And if I did know, what would it matter?"
"But why this planet? There are other systems. Even other planets in
this system." The moss curled under her feet and pricked at her. She was
not doing this right. What did she care about his war? But she did not
know what to do. She had been prepared for Seduction, Step II, and had
11
even thought up a few things to say, though conversation is not included
in the manual, because there is usually a language barrier. It was his
speaking the language that made the difference.
"This is the only immediately habitable planet. You don't realize how
expensive and cumbersome and logistically difficult it is to set up the
simplest station on an abnormal planet. Tons of equipment are needed
just to compensate for a few degrees too much temperature, or a few de-
grees too little, or excessive natural radiation, or a slight off balance of at-
mosphere. Or even if a planet is apparentlyhabitable, there's no way of be-
ing absolutely sure until there have been people actually living on it for a
while. There isn't time for all this. Can't you just believe me?"
"I believe you," Juba said, "and the answer is no. It is not my decision
to make. I cannot decide for my people. And if I could, the answer would
still be no. That is exactly why we cut ourselves off from the rest of civil-
ization. To stay out of your wars, to carry on civilization when you have
laid it waste. That is why we are a planet of parthenogenetic women."
"Is it?" he asked. "Was it to carry on the torch for civilization or to flee
from it? Life flows, Juba. If it doesn't flow forward, it flows backward.
Which way does your world go?"
Which way? The little stream scrambled over its bright rocks, flashing
the sunlight like teeth laughing.
Which way? The servants, the pets, the gladiatorial contests. The old
goddesses. Were we becoming weary with time? Juba wondered. What
sense did it make? What future did it mold?
The Man got up and came to put his arms around Juba, crossing his
arms over her chest and putting his hands on her shoulders. He leaned
down until she could feel his breath on the back of her neck.
Then it was that Juba could feel from his strength that everything he
said must be right, because he said it, and that he was the name for all
those things inside her which had no name.
"I cannot bring you in for the Ceremonies," Juba said. "Whatever you
are and whatever I am—these futures must lie with the goddesses. But
sacrifice you I cannot." She turned in his arms. "Go," she said. "And
quickly."
He kissed her. "I will not go," he said, and she wanted very much for
him to stay, but not for the Ceremonies.
"I was to draw you into the gladiatorial contests," she said, "with rich
promises. But I cannot. For those who die it is bad. But for those who live
it is worse."
12
"Well, now you have told me and I will not be drawn," he said with
that grin. "Who said women are not barbarous? It is up to you," he went
on, "to free your world from its deadly isolation."
He kissed her by the vein in her neck, the heavy one, where the blood
beats through. And there flashed through her head the instructions for
Seduction, Step II, and she wondered that other women had been able to
remember printed pages when this happened.
"You must go," Juba said, holding him so that he would not. "What do
you want me to do?"
He lost his fingers in her hair, "I like blondes," he said. "And I like a
slender waist." There was a tension in the muscles of his lower lip and
his eyes seemed to lengthen, and by this Juba knew what he felt at that
moment.
But he said, "I want you to switch off your planetary directional di-
verter. Even if you had let me radio in the coordinates I had they would
have been wrong, wouldn't they?"
"Yes," Juba said. "But the directional diverter diverts only in certain
patterns, so that it might be possible to figure out… ."
"I know. Maybe and maybe not. I want you to turn it off long enough
for me to get up beyond your whole system and have my instruments
take a fix on your orbit. Then we can planet in blind, if necessary, to set
up our station."
"But as soon as you take off," Juba said, wondering if she would really
do such a thing or if she would suddenly wake as from a dream and find
her wits again, "they'll be on me with their questions. And what could I
say to them?"
"You won't have to say anything to them," the Man said. "You'll be on
the ship with me."
"With you!" The thought went all through Juba, as ice water does
sometimes, and bubbled up into her ears. "With you." When she looked
at him she really couldn't see what he looked like any more. Only a sort
of shine. "You mean you'll take me away with you?"
"Do you think I could leave you?" he asked, all shiny. "Smash the
thing," he said. "They'll repair it, but by that time it'll be too late."
She sat down on the moss, and he was over her, his face urgent, as for
Step III. But he said, "Go ahead. Go now. And hurry."
She got up hastily, planning in her mind how she would arrange her
face, so as to appear calm if anyone should see her and what excuses she
13

Tài liệu JACK NORTH''''''''S TREASURE HUNT pdf

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XXX. A Ride for Life—Conclusion
Jack North's Treasure Hunt
Chapter I
A Chance for a Position
"Where are you going, Jack?"
"To the shops of John Fowler & Company."
"To look for a job?"
"Yes."
"Then you are in luck, for I heard this morning that they want another striker in the
lower shop at once."
"Then I'll <i>strike</i> for the opening at once, and my name is not Jack
North if I don't land it."
"It will be John Slowshanks when you do get it, mind me!" cried out another voice,
from an alley-way near at hand, and before Jack North or his companion could
recover from their surprise the speaker, a tall, awkward youth of twenty, sped up the
street at the top of his speed.
The scene was in Bauton, a large manufacturing city of New England. The first
speaker was a workman at the shops that had been mentioned, but beyond the fact that
he placed the youth before him in the way of getting work, he needs no special
introduction.
The other person was a lad of eighteen, with brown, curly hair, blue eyes, and a round,
robust figure. His name was John North, and he was the son of a couple in humble
circumstances.
"Take care!" cried the man, "that sneak will get in ahead of you, and then a snap of
your little finger for your chance of getting the job at Fowler's."
Jack North did not stop to hear his friend through. He was very much in need of a
situation, and he knew the young man who had rushed in ahead of him as a bitter
enemy. That fact, coupled with his desire to get work, caused him to dash up the street
as fast as he could run.
Naturally the appearance of the two running at such a headlong pace aroused the
attention of the passers-by, all of whom stopped to see what it meant. Others rushed
out of their houses, offices or workshops to ascertain the meaning of the race, until the
street was lined with excited, anxious men, women and children.
"Is it fire?" asked an old, gray-headed man, and another, catching only the sound of
the last word, repeated it and thus a wild alarm was quickly spread.
Meanwhile Jack North had found that he could not overtake his rival. He was not a
fleet runner, while the other had gotten a start of him, which he could not hope to
make up.
But he was too fertile in his resources to despair. In fact he was never known to give
up a contest which he had once fairly entered. This persistence in whatever he
undertook was the secret of Jack North's wonderful success amid environments which
must have discouraged less courageous hearts.
Still it looked to his enemy, as the latter glanced back to see him leisurely turn into a
side street leading away from their destination, that he had nothing further to fear from
him.
"Thought you would be glad to give in," cried out the delighted seeker of the situation
at the engine shops, and believing that he had nothing further to fear, the awkward
youth slackened his gait to a walk.
Though Jack turned into the alley at a moderate pace, as soon as he had gone a short
distance, he started again into a smart run.
"I shall have farther to go," he thought, "but Fret Offut will think I have given up, and
thus he will let me get in ahead of him."
This seemed the truth, when, at last, Jack came in sight of the low-walled and
scattering buildings belonging to John Fowler & Co., engine builders.
Fret Offut was nowhere in sight, as Jack entered the dark, dingy office at the lower
end of the buildings.
A small sized man, with mutton chop side whiskers, engaged in overhauling a pile of
musty papers, looked up at the entrance of our hero.
"Want a job as striker, eh?" he asked, as Jack stated his errand. "I believe Henshaw
does want another man. I will call him. What is your name?"
"Alfret Offut, sir. It's me that wants the job, and it's me it belongs to."
It was Jack North's enemy who spoke, as he paused on the threshold panting for
breath, while glaring at our hero with a baleful look.
"How come you here?" he demanded of Jack, a second later.
"My feet brought me here, and with less slowness than yours, judging by your
appearance," replied young North.
With the arrival of the second person on the scene, the clerk had turned away to find
Henshaw, and while he was gone the rival youths stood glaring upon each other.
After a short time a big, red-faced, soot-be-grimed man appeared, saying as he
reached them:
"If Offut will come this way I will talk with him."
"Henshaw," said the clerk simply, returning to his work, leaving the newcomer to
attend to the visitors as he thought best.
"Ha—ha!" laughed young Offut, softly, as he followed the foreman, "where are you
now, Jack North?"
Though Jack gave slight token of his feelings, he was more vexed at this usurpation of
his rights than he cared to show. He lost no time in starting after the others in the
direction of the shop. "I'm going on twenty-one," Offut said, as they stopped at the
door, "and there ain't a chap as can outlift me."
"Beg your pardon, Mr. Henshaw," said Jack, brushing up, "but it's I who am after the
job and to whom it belongs. Mr. Jacobs—"
"Is your name Alfret Offut?" interrupted the other youth sharply in the midst of Jack's
speech. "I reckon Henshaw knows who he is talking to." "It was me Mr. Jacobs
recommended the place to, and you are trying to steal it from me," cried Jack. "You
are telling a likely story, Jack North, and if you say another word I'll hit you. Henshaw
called for me, and it's me he's going to give work."
Mr. Henshaw, who for the first time seemed to realize the situation, looked surprised,
as he gazed from one to the other.
Disliking to raise a fuss Jack remained silent at first, but he felt bound to say:
"I was first at the office, and I claim—" "You'd claim the earth, as far as that is
concerned, you miserable chick of nobody!" broke in Offut.
The last was more than Jack could stand, and stepping quickly forward, he cried:
"Stop, Fret Offut! you have said enough. I don't want any quarrel with you, but I am
as good as you."
"Are yer?" demanded the fiery Offut, whose greatest delight seemed to be in
provoking a quarrel. "I can lick you out of your boots, and I will do it before I will let
you get in here." By this time Mr. Henshaw, a rather rough man, as slow as he was of
comprehension, was interested in the dispute, and not averse to encouraging sport of
the kind, he said:
"That's it, boys; fight it out. I'll hire the lad that downs the other."
"Then the job is as good as mine!" cried Fret Offut, rushing at Jack with great bluster
and no regard to fairness.
Chapter II
The Test of Strength
If taken unawares, Jack North did not allow his enemy to get very much the advantage
of him. As the other rushed forward, expecting to overpower him by sheer force, he
met him squarely in a hand-to-hand struggle for the mastery.
Mr. Henshaw seemed delighted, and he cried out:
"Limber up, lads, limber up! A job to him that comes out on top! Hi, there!"
Sundry other exclamations came from the excited foreman at every change of the
situation, while several spectators, attracted to the place by the out-cries, gathered
about the young contestants, lending their voices to the confusing sounds of the scene.
While Fret Offut was taller and larger than Jack North, he lacked the latter's firm-set
muscles, and what was of even greater account, his unflinching determination to win.
Our hero never knew what it was to possess a faint heart, and that is more than half
the battle every time.
Thus when young Offut crowded him back against the wall of the building, and every
one present felt sure he must be overpowered, Jack set his lips more firmly together
and renewed his resistance with redoubled effort.
Then, as he struck his foot against a piece of scrap iron and reeled backward in spite
of all he could, his friends groaned, while Fret Offut cried, exultantly:
"Ho, my fine cub, down you go this time! Henshaw—"
But Mr. Henshaw never knew what was to be said to him, neither did the young bully
ever realize fully just what followed.
Jack, concentrating all the strength he possessed, rallied. He threw out his right foot in
such a way as to catch his antagonist behind his left knee, when the latter suddenly
found himself sinking. At the same time the grasp on his collar tightened, while with
almost superhuman power he was flung backward. With such force did Jack handle
his adversary that he sent him flying several yards away, where he fell in a pool of
dark, slimy water.
The spectators cheered heartily, while Mr. Henshaw clapped his grimy hands and
shouted at the top of his voice:
"Well done, my hearty! That's a handsome trick and well worth a job."
Fret Offut arose from his unwelcome bath, dripping from head to foot with the nasty
mess, presenting a most unprepossessing appearance.
The foreman was turning back into the shop, followed by Jack, and the crowd was
rapidly dispersing.
"Hold on!" he bawled, "that wasn't fair. I tripped—stop, Henshaw! don't let my job go
to that miserable thief."
Getting no reply to his foolish speech, Offut followed the others into the shop. His
appearance being so ridiculous he was greeted with cries of derision from the
workmen, which only made him the more angry and belligerent.
"I'll get even with you for this, Jack North!" he cried, "if I follow you to the end! My
father always said your family was the meanest on earth, and now I know it is so. But
you shall hear from me again."
With these bitter words the defeated youth, who really had no one to blame but
himself for his ill-feeling, disappeared, though it was not to be long before he was to
reappear in the stirring life of Jack North, and bring him such troubles as he could not
have foreseen.
It proved that Mr. Henshaw was anxious for another workman, and after asking Jack a
few questions, told the lad he might begin his task at once.
The pay was small, less than five dollars a week, but Jack did not let that cause him to
refuse the opportunity. He needed the money, for his folks were in poor
circumstances, and he went about his work with a stout heart.
He quickly proved an adept workman, observing, rapid to learn and always diligent,
so much so that the foreman took a strong liking to him.
Several days passed and it became evident to Jack that if he had left one enemy
outside the shop, he had another within, who was ready to improve every opportunity
to trouble him. This was a small, thinfaced man who worked with him, and whose
name was Mires. Besides being physically unable to carry an even end with him, this
workman was prone to shirk every part of his work that he could, this portion falling
largely on Jack to do in addition to his own.
Jack paid no heed to this, however, but kept about his work as if everything was all
right, until a little incident occurred which completely changed the aspect of affairs.
Unknown to our hero, there had been a practice of long standing among the workmen
of "testing" every new hand that came in, by playing what was believed to be a smart
trick upon him. The joke consisted in sending the new hand in company with a fellow
workman to bring from a distant part of the shop a pair of wheels, one of which was of
iron and weighed over four hundred pounds, while its mate was made of wood and
finished off to look exactly like its companion. The workman in the secret always
looked out and got hold of the wooden wheel, which he could carry off with ease,
while his duped associate would struggle over the other to the unbounded amusement
of the lookers-on.
It heightened the effect by selecting a small, weak man to help in the deception, and
Henshaw, liking this joke no less than his men, on the third day of Jack's
apprenticeship, said:
"North, you and Mires bring along them wheels at the lower end. Don't be all day
about it either," speaking with unusual sharpness.
"Yes, sir."
In a moment every one present was watching the scene, beginning to smile as they
saw Mires start with suspicious alacrity toward the wheels. Some of the men, in order
to get as good a view as possible of the expected exhibition, stationed themselves near
at hand, having hard work to suppress their merriment in advance.
"Purty stout, air ye?" asked Mires, as he and Jack stood by the wheels.
"I never boasted of my strength," replied Jack, beginning to wonder why so much
interest was being manifested over so slight a matter. His surprise was increased at
that moment by discovering Fret Offut among the spectators, his big mouth reaching
almost from ear to ear with an idiotic grin.
"Come to see the fun!" declared the latter, finding that he had been seen by Jack.
"I'll take this one," said Mires, stooping over the nearest wheel which was half buried
in dust and dirt.
Then, without any apparent effort, the small sized workman raised the wheel to his
shoulder and walked back from the direction whence they had come.
"Now see the big gawk lift his!" exclaimed Fret Offut, who had somehow been let into
the secret. Still ignorant of the deception being played upon him, Jack North bent over
to lift the remaining wheel.
Chapter III
A Long Trip Proposed
Having seen Mires carry off the other wheel with comparative ease, Jack naturally
expected to lift the remaining one without trouble.
His amazement may be therefore understood when, at his first effort, he failed to
move it an inch from the floor.
It lay there as solid as if bound down!
His failure was the signal for Fret Offut to break out into a loud laugh, which was
instantly caught up by the workmen, until the whole building rang with the merriment.
"Baby!" some one cried. "See Mires carry his. North ain't got the strength of a
mouse!"
By that time Mires had reached the opposite end of the shop, and was putting down
his burden to turn and join in the outbursts over the discomfiture of his young
companion.
Jack had now awakened to the realization that he had been the easy victim of a
scheme to cast ridicule upon him.
Mires could never have carried away this wheel. The thought of the trick which had
been played upon him aroused all the latent energy he possessed. He did not believe
the wheel could weigh five hundred pounds, and if it did not he would lift it, as he
believed he could.
Thus, with the shouts and laughter of the spectators ringing in his ears, Jack stooped
for a second attempt to accomplish what no one else had ever been able to do.
"I'll grunt for you!" called Offut in derision. "Spit on your hands!" said a workman.
Jack compressed his lips for a mighty effort, and his hands closed on the rim of the
wheel, while he concentrated every atom of strength he had for the herculean task.
The cries of the onlookers suddenly stopped as they saw, to their amazement, the
ponderous object rise from the floor, slowly but surely, until the young workman held
it abreast of him. Not a sound broke the deathlike stillness, save for the crunching of
his own footsteps, as Jack North walked across the shop and dropped his burden upon
the wheel Mires had placed there.
A loud crash succeeded, the heavy iron wheel having broken the imitation into
kindling wood and smashed into the floor.
The cries of derision were supplemented by loud calls of admiration, which rang
through and through the old building until a perfect din prevailed.
Fret Offut waited to see no more, but stole away unobserved by the stalwart iron
workers, who crowded around their victorious companion with hearty congratulations.
Jack had won the friendship of nearly all by his feat, while Henshaw at once boasted
of the act.
Mires, fancying that the laugh had been turned upon him, and he was about right,
allowed all of the bitterness of his sullen nature to be turned against the young
apprentice. In his wicked heart he vowed he would humiliate Jack in the eyes of his
admirers in some way and at some time. But no opportunity came for him, as month
after month passed.
Jack showed a wonderfully industrious nature, and he never seemed idle. When not at
work he was studying some part of the ponderous machinery about him, as if anxious
to learn all there was to be known about it. The knowledge he thus obtained was to be
of inestimable value to him in the scenes to come.
This trait of his pleased Henshaw, who, if a rough man, was honest in his intentions,
and he caused Jack's wages to be raised to seven dollars a week. This was done in
opposition to his assistant, who had taken a strange dislike to him. His reasons for this
will become apparent as we proceed. About that time Jack was surprised to find that
Fret Offut had found employment in the building, though it was more as a helper than
as a regular workman, his chief task being to wheel the scraps of iron and waste
material away and to wait upon the boss of the big steam hammer.
He did not offer to speak to Jack, but the latter soon saw him holding whispered
conversations with Mires and the second boss, Furniss, when he felt certain by their
looks and motions that he was the subject of their remarks. Once he overheard Offut
tell a companion:
"I sha'n't wheel scrap iron always and Jack North won't be boss, either."
Jack had been at the engine works about six months, when he accidentally learned that
the company were planning to ship one of their machines to South America, and that
they were looking about for a suitable person to send with it, to help unload it properly
and set it up. A few days later, as he was leaving the shop to go home, Henshaw came
to him, saying:
"Let me put a flea in your ear, Jack. John Fowler has got his eye on you for the one to
go to South America."
Scarcely any other announcement could have brought greater joy to Jack, for he had a
great desire to travel, and this long journey would take him away from home for many
months, he felt it would be a grand opportunity. But he knew that Furniss had been
working for the place, and he could not realize that such good fortune was to fall to
him, so he said to Henshaw:
"I thought that Furniss was sure of the chance. I heard him say as much only
yesterday." "A fig for Furniss! Old John had a long talk with me this morning, and I
told him you were just the chap for the place, young and capable. He nodded his head
and I could see that you were as good as taken. Of course we shall miss you, but it's a
trip a youngster like you can't afford to miss."
"I should like to go, Mr. Henshaw, and I thank you for your kind words."
"Don't cost nothing," returned the bluff foreman, as he started homeward.

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spectres, that the roof would fall in, that it was too narrow to admit us,
that there was a deep hole within, filled with water, and we might be
drowned. My friend shortened the harangue, by taking the man's torch
from him; and we proceeded alone.
The passage, which at first scarcely admitted us, quickly grew narrow-
er and lower; we were almost bent double; yet still we persisted in mak-
ing our way through it. At length we entered a wider space, and the low
roof heightened; but, as we congratulated ourselves on this change, our
torch was extinguished by a current of air, and we were left in utter
darkness. The guides bring with them materials for renewing the light,
but we had none—our only resource was to return as we came. We
groped round the widened space to find the entrance, and after a time
fancied that we had succeeded. This proved however to be a second pas-
sage, which evidently ascended. It terminated like the former; though
something approaching to a ray, we could not tell whence, shed a very
doubtful twilight in the space. By degrees, our eyes grew somewhat ac-
customed to this dimness, and we perceived that there was no direct pas-
sage leading us further; but that it was possible to climb one side of the
cavern to a low arch at top, which promised a more easy path, from
whence we now discovered that this light proceeded. With considerable
difficulty we scrambled up, and came to another passage with still more
of illumination, and this led to another ascent like the former.
After a succession of these, which our resolution alone permitted us to
surmount, we arrived at a wide cavern with an arched dome-like roof.
An aperture in the midst let in the light of heaven; but this was over-
grown with brambles and underwood, which acted as a veil, obscuring
the day, and giving a solemn religious hue to the apartment. It was spa-
cious, and nearly circular, with a raised seat of stone, about the size of a
Grecian couch, at one end. The only sign that life had been here, was the
perfect snow-white skeleton of a goat, which had probably not perceived
the opening as it grazed on the hill above, and had fallen headlong. Ages
perhaps had elapsed since this catastrophe; and the ruin it had made
above, had been repaired by the growth of vegetation during many hun-
dred summers.
The rest of the furniture of the cavern consisted of piles of leaves, frag-
ments of bark, and a white filmy substance, resembling the inner part of
the green hood which shelters the grain of the unripe Indian corn. We
were fatigued by our struggles to attain this point, and seated ourselves
on the rocky couch, while the sounds of tinkling sheep-bells, and shout
of shepherd-boy, reached us from above.
5
At length my friend, who had taken up some of the leaves strewed
about, exclaimed, "This is the Sibyl's cave; these are Sibylline leaves." On
examination, we found that all the leaves, bark, and other substances,
were traced with written characters. What appeared to us more astonish-
ing, was that these writings were expressed in various languages: some
unknown to my companion, ancient Chaldee, and Egyptian hieroglyph-
ics, old as the Pyramids. Stranger still, some were in modern dialects,
English and Italian. We could make out little by the dim light, but they
seemed to contain prophecies, detailed relations of events but lately
passed; names, now well known, but of modern date; and often exclama-
tions of exultation or woe, of victory or defeat, were traced on their thin
scant pages. This was certainly the Sibyl's Cave; not indeed exactly as
Virgil describes it, but the whole of this land had been so convulsed by
earthquake and volcano, that the change was not wonderful, though the
traces of ruin were effaced by time; and we probably owed the preserva-
tion of these leaves to the accident which had closed the mouth of the
cavern, and the swift-growing vegetation which had rendered its sole
opening impervious to the storm. We made a hasty selection of such of
the leaves, whose writing one at least of us could understand; and then,
laden with our treasure, we bade adieu to the dim hypæthric cavern, and
after much difficulty succeeded in rejoining our guides.
During our stay at Naples, we often returned to this cave, sometimes
alone, skimming the sun-lit sea, and each time added to our store. Since
that period, whenever the world's circumstance has not imperiously
called me away, or the temper of my mind impeded such study, I have
been employed in deciphering these sacred remains. Their meaning,
wondrous and eloquent, has often repaid my toil, soothing me in sorrow,
and exciting my imagination to daring flights, through the immensity of
nature and the mind of man. For a while my labours were not solitary;
but that time is gone; and, with the selected and matchless companion of
my toils, their dearest reward is also lost to me—
Di mie tenere frondi altro lavoro
Credea mostrarte; e qual fero pianeta
Ne' nvidiò insieme, o mio nobil tesoro?
I present the public with my latest discoveries in the slight Sibylline
pages. Scattered and unconnected as they were, I have been obliged to
add links, and model the work into a consistent form. But the main
6
substance rests on the truths contained in these poetic rhapsodies, and
the divine intuition which the Cumæan damsel obtained from heaven.
I have often wondered at the subject of her verses, and at the English
dress of the Latin poet. Sometimes I have thought that, obscure and
chaotic as they are, they owe their present form to me, their decipherer.
As if we should give to another artist the painted fragments which form
the mosaic copy of Raphael's Transfiguration in St. Peter's; he would put
them together in a form, whose mode would be fashioned by his own
peculiar mind and talent. Doubtless the leaves of the Cumæan Sibyl have
suffered distortion and diminution of interest and excellence in my
hands. My only excuse for thus transforming them, is that they were un-
intelligible in their pristine condition.
My labours have cheered long hours of solitude, and taken me out of a
world, which has averted its once benignant face from me, to one glow-
ing with imagination and power. Will my readers ask how I could find
solace from the narration of misery and woeful change? This is one of the
mysteries of our nature, which holds full sway over me, and from whose
influence I cannot escape. I confess, that I have not been unmoved by the
development of the tale; and that I have been depressed, nay, agonized,
at some parts of the recital, which I have faithfully transcribed from my
materials. Yet such is human nature, that the excitement of mind was
dear to me, and that the imagination, painter of tempest and earthquake,
or, worse, the stormy and ruin-fraught passions of man, softened my real
sorrows and endless regrets, by clothing these fictitious ones in that
ideality, which takes the mortal sting from pain.
I hardly know whether this apology is necessary. For the merits of my
adaptation and translation must decide how far I have well bestowed my
time and imperfect powers, in giving form and substance to the frail and
attenuated Leaves of the Sibyl.
7
Chapter
1
I am the native of a sea-surrounded nook, a cloud-enshadowed land,
which, when the surface of the globe, with its shoreless ocean and track-
less continents, presents itself to my mind, appears only as an inconsid-
erable speck in the immense whole; and yet, when balanced in the scale
of mental power, far outweighed countries of larger extent and more nu-
merous population. So true it is, that man's mind alone was the creator of
all that was good or great to man, and that Nature herself was only his
first minister. England, seated far north in the turbid sea, now visits my
dreams in the semblance of a vast and well-manned ship, which
mastered the winds and rode proudly over the waves. In my boyish days
she was the universe to me. When I stood on my native hills, and saw
plain and mountain stretch out to the utmost limits of my vision,
speckled by the dwellings of my countrymen, and subdued to fertility by
their labours, the earth's very centre was fixed for me in that spot, and
the rest of her orb was as a fable, to have forgotten which would have
cost neither my imagination nor understanding an effort.
My fortunes have been, from the beginning, an exemplification of the
power that mutability may possess over the varied tenor of man's life.
With regard to myself, this came almost by inheritance. My father was
one of those men on whom nature had bestowed to prodigality the en-
vied gifts of wit and imagination, and then left his bark of life to be im-
pelled by these winds, without adding reason as the rudder, or judgment
as the pilot for the voyage. His extraction was obscure; but circumstances
brought him early into public notice, and his small paternal property
was soon dissipated in the splendid scene of fashion and luxury in which
he was an actor. During the short years of thoughtless youth, he was ad-
ored by the high-bred triflers of the day, nor least by the youthful sover-
eign, who escaped from the intrigues of party, and the arduous duties of
kingly business, to find never-failing amusement and exhilaration of
spirit in his society. My father's impulses, never under his own control,
perpetually led him into difficulties from which his ingenuity alone
could extricate him; and the accumulating pile of debts of honour and of
8
trade, which would have bent to earth any other, was supported by him
with a light spirit and tameless hilarity; while his company was so neces-
sary at the tables and assemblies of the rich, that his derelictions were
considered venial, and he himself received with intoxicating flattery.
This kind of popularity, like every other, is evanescent: and the diffi-
culties of every kind with which he had to contend increased in a fright-
ful ratio compared with his small means of extricating himself. At such
times the king, in his enthusiasm for him, would come to his relief, and
then kindly take his friend to task; my father gave the best promises for
amendment, but his social disposition, his craving for the usual diet of
admiration, and more than all, the fiend of gambling, which fully pos-
sessed him, made his good resolutions transient, his promises vain. With
the quick sensibility peculiar to his temperament, he perceived his power
in the brilliant circle to be on the wane. The king married; and the
haughty princess of Austria, who became, as queen of England, the head
of fashion, looked with harsh eyes on his defects, and with contempt on
the affection her royal husband entertained for him. My father felt that
his fall was near; but so far from profiting by this last calm before the
storm to save himself, he sought to forget anticipated evil by making still
greater sacrifices to the deity of pleasure, deceitful and cruel arbiter of
his destiny.
The king, who was a man of excellent dispositions, but easily led, had
now become a willing disciple of his imperious consort. He was induced
to look with extreme disapprobation, and at last with distaste, on my
father's imprudence and follies. It is true that his presence dissipated
these clouds; his warm-hearted frankness, brilliant sallies, and confiding
demeanour were irresistible: it was only when at a distance, while still
renewed tales of his errors were poured into his royal friend's ear, that
he lost his influence. The queen's dexterous management was employed
to prolong these absences, and gather together accusations. At length the
king was brought to see in him a source of perpetual disquiet, knowing
that he should pay for the short-lived pleasure of his society by tedious
homilies, and more painful narrations of excesses, the truth of which he
could not disprove. The result was, that he would make one more at-
tempt to reclaim him, and in case of ill success, cast him off for ever.
Such a scene must have been one of deepest interest and high-wrought
passion. A powerful king, conspicuous for a goodness which had hereto-
fore made him meek, and now lofty in his admonitions, with alternate
entreaty and reproof, besought his friend to attend to his real interests,
resolutely to avoid those fascinations which in fact were fast deserting
9
him, and to spend his great powers on a worthy field, in which he, his
sovereign, would be his prop, his stay, and his pioneer. My father felt
this kindness; for a moment ambitious dreams floated before him; and he
thought that it would be well to exchange his present pursuits for nobler
duties. With sincerity and fervour he gave the required promise: as a
pledge of continued favour, he received from his royal master a sum of
money to defray pressing debts, and enable him to enter under good
auspices his new career. That very night, while yet full of gratitude and
good resolves, this whole sum, and its amount doubled, was lost at the
gaming-table. In his desire to repair his first losses, my father risked
double stakes, and thus incurred a debt of honour he was wholly unable
to pay. Ashamed to apply again to the king, he turned his back upon
London, its false delights and clinging miseries; and, with poverty for his
sole companion, buried himself in solitude among the hills and lakes of
Cumberland. His wit, his bon mots, the record of his personal attrac-
tions, fascinating manners, and social talents, were long remembered
and repeated from mouth to mouth. Ask where now was this favourite
of fashion, this companion of the noble, this excelling beam, which gilt
with alien splendour the assemblies of the courtly and the gay—you
heard that he was under a cloud, a lost man; not one thought it belonged
to him to repay pleasure by real services, or that his long reign of bril-
liant wit deserved a pension on retiring. The king lamented his absence;
he loved to repeat his sayings, relate the adventures they had had togeth-
er, and exalt his talents—but here ended his reminiscence.
Meanwhile my father, forgotten, could not forget. He repined for the
loss of what was more necessary to him than air or food—the excite-
ments of pleasure, the admiration of the noble, the luxurious and pol-
ished living of the great. A nervous fever was the consequence; during
which he was nursed by the daughter of a poor cottager, under whose
roof he lodged. She was lovely, gentle, and, above all, kind to him; nor
can it afford astonishment, that the late idol of high-bred beauty should,
even in a fallen state, appear a being of an elevated and wondrous nature
to the lowly cottage-girl. The attachment between them led to the ill-
fated marriage, of which I was the offspring.
Notwithstanding the tenderness and sweetness of my mother, her hus-
band still deplored his degraded state. Unaccustomed to industry, he
knew not in what way to contribute to the support of his increasing fam-
ily. Sometimes he thought of applying to the king; pride and shame for a
while withheld him; and, before his necessities became so imperious as
to compel him to some kind of exertion, he died. For one brief interval
10
before this catastrophe, he looked forward to the future, and contem-
plated with anguish the desolate situation in which his wife and children
would be left. His last effort was a letter to the king, full of touching elo-
quence, and of occasional flashes of that brilliant spirit which was an in-
tegral part of him. He bequeathed his widow and orphans to the friend-
ship of his royal master, and felt satisfied that, by this means, their
prosperity was better assured in his death than in his life. This letter was
enclosed to the care of a nobleman, who, he did not doubt, would per-
form the last and inexpensive office of placing it in the king's own hand.
He died in debt, and his little property was seized immediately by his
creditors. My mother, penniless and burthened with two children,
waited week after week, and month after month, in sickening expecta-
tion of a reply, which never came. She had no experience beyond her
father's cottage; and the mansion of the lord of the manor was the
chiefest type of grandeur she could conceive. During my father's life, she
had been made familiar with the name of royalty and the courtly circle;
but such things, ill according with her personal experience, appeared,
after the loss of him who gave substance and reality to them, vague and
fantastical. If, under any circumstances, she could have acquired suffi-
cient courage to address the noble persons mentioned by her husband,
the ill success of his own application caused her to banish the idea. She
saw therefore no escape from dire penury: perpetual care, joined to sor-
row for the loss of the wondrous being, whom she continued to contem-
plate with ardent admiration, hard labour, and naturally delicate health,
at length released her from the sad continuity of want and misery.
The condition of her orphan children was peculiarly desolate. Her own
father had been an emigrant from another part of the country, and had
died long since: they had no one relation to take them by the hand; they
were outcasts, paupers, unfriended beings, to whom the most scanty pit-
tance was a matter of favour, and who were treated merely as children of
peasants, yet poorer than the poorest, who, dying, had left them, a
thankless bequest, to the close-handed charity of the land.
I, the elder of the two, was five years old when my mother died. A re-
membrance of the discourses of my parents, and the communications
which my mother endeavoured to impress upon me concerning my
father's friends, in slight hope that I might one day derive benefit from
the knowledge, floated like an indistinct dream through my brain. I con-
ceived that I was different and superior to my protectors and compan-
ions, but I knew not how or wherefore. The sense of injury, associated
with the name of king and noble, clung to me; but I could draw no
11
conclusions from such feelings, to serve as a guide to action. My first real
knowledge of myself was as an unprotected orphan among the valleys
and fells of Cumberland. I was in the service of a farmer; and with crook
in hand, my dog at my side, I shepherded a numerous flock on the near
uplands. I cannot say much in praise of such a life; and its pains far ex-
ceeded its pleasures. There was freedom in it, a companionship with
nature, and a reckless loneliness; but these, romantic as they were, did
not accord with the love of action and desire of human sympathy, char-
acteristic of youth. Neither the care of my flock, nor the change of sea-
sons, were sufficient to tame my eager spirit; my out-door life and unem-
ployed time were the temptations that led me early into lawless habits. I
associated with others friendless like myself; I formed them into a band,
I was their chief and captain. All shepherd-boys alike, while our flocks
were spread over the pastures, we schemed and executed many a mis-
chievous prank, which drew on us the anger and revenge of the rustics. I
was the leader and protector of my comrades, and as I became distin-
guished among them, their misdeeds were usually visited upon me. But
while I endured punishment and pain in their defence with the spirit of
an hero, I claimed as my reward their praise and obedience.
In such a school my disposition became rugged, but firm. The appetite
for admiration and small capacity for self-control which I inherited from
my father, nursed by adversity, made me daring and reckless. I was
rough as the elements, and unlearned as the animals I tended. I often
compared myself to them, and finding that my chief superiority con-
sisted in power, I soon persuaded myself that it was in power only that I
was inferior to the chiefest potentates of the earth. Thus untaught in re-
fined philosophy, and pursued by a restless feeling of degradation from
my true station in society, I wandered among the hills of civilized Eng-
land as uncouth a savage as the wolf-bred founder of old Rome. I owned
but one law, it was that of the strongest, and my greatest deed of virtue
was never to submit.
Yet let me a little retract from this sentence I have passed on myself.
My mother, when dying, had, in addition to her other half-forgotten and
misapplied lessons, committed, with solemn exhortation, her other child
to my fraternal guardianship; and this one duty I performed to the best
of my ability, with all the zeal and affection of which my nature was cap-
able. My sister was three years younger than myself; I had nursed her as
an infant, and when the difference of our sexes, by giving us various oc-
cupations, in a great measure divided us, yet she continued to be the ob-
ject of my careful love. Orphans, in the fullest sense of the term, we were
12
poorest among the poor, and despised among the unhonoured. If my
daring and courage obtained for me a kind of respectful aversion, her
youth and sex, since they did not excite tenderness, by proving her to be
weak, were the causes of numberless mortifications to her; and her own
disposition was not so constituted as to diminish the evil effects of her
lowly station.
She was a singular being, and, like me, inherited much of the peculiar
disposition of our father. Her countenance was all expression; her eyes
were not dark, but impenetrably deep; you seemed to discover space
after space in their intellectual glance, and to feel that the soul which was
their soul, comprehended an universe of thought in its ken. She was pale
and fair, and her golden hair clustered on her temples, contrasting its
rich hue with the living marble beneath. Her coarse peasant-dress, little
consonant apparently with the refinement of feeling which her face ex-
pressed, yet in a strange manner accorded with it. She was like one of
Guido's saints, with heaven in her heart and in her look, so that when
you saw her you only thought of that within, and costume and even fea-
ture were secondary to the mind that beamed in her countenance.
Yet though lovely and full of noble feeling, my poor Perdita (for this
was the fanciful name my sister had received from her dying parent),
was not altogether saintly in her disposition. Her manners were cold and
repulsive. If she had been nurtured by those who had regarded her with
affection, she might have been different; but unloved and neglected, she
repaid want of kindness with distrust and silence. She was submissive to
those who held authority over her, but a perpetual cloud dwelt on her
brow; she looked as if she expected enmity from every one who ap-
proached her, and her actions were instigated by the same feeling. All
the time she could command she spent in solitude. She would ramble to
the most unfrequented places, and scale dangerous heights, that in those
unvisited spots she might wrap herself in loneliness. Often she passed
whole hours walking up and down the paths of the woods; she wove
garlands of flowers and ivy, or watched the flickering of the shadows
and glancing of the leaves; sometimes she sat beside a stream, and as her
thoughts paused, threw flowers or pebbles into the waters, watching
how those swam and these sank; or she would set afloat boats formed of
bark of trees or leaves, with a feather for a sail, and intensely watch the
navigation of her craft among the rapids and shallows of the brook.
Meanwhile her active fancy wove a thousand combinations; she dreamt
"of moving accidents by flood and field"—she lost herself delightedly in
13
these self-created wanderings, and returned with unwilling spirit to the
dull detail of common life.
Poverty was the cloud that veiled her excellencies, and all that was
good in her seemed about to perish from want of the genial dew of affec-
tion. She had not even the same advantage as I in the recollection of her
parents; she clung to me, her brother, as her only friend, but her alliance
with me completed the distaste that her protectors felt for her; and every
error was magnified by them into crimes. If she had been bred in that
sphere of life to which by inheritance the delicate framework of her mind
and person was adapted, she would have been the object almost of ador-
ation, for her virtues were as eminent as her defects. All the genius that
ennobled the blood of her father illustrated hers; a generous tide flowed
in her veins; artifice, envy, or meanness, were at the antipodes of her
nature; her countenance, when enlightened by amiable feeling, might
have belonged to a queen of nations; her eyes were bright; her look
fearless.
Although by our situation and dispositions we were almost equally
cut off from the usual forms of social intercourse, we formed a strong
contrast to each other. I always required the stimulants of companion-
ship and applause. Perdita was all-sufficient to herself. Notwithstanding
my lawless habits, my disposition was sociable, hers recluse. My life was
spent among tangible realities, hers was a dream. I might be said even to
love my enemies, since by exciting me they in a sort bestowed happiness
upon me; Perdita almost disliked her friends, for they interfered with her
visionary moods. All my feelings, even of exultation and triumph, were
changed to bitterness, if unparticipated; Perdita, even in joy, fled to
loneliness, and could go on from day to day, neither expressing her emo-
tions, nor seeking a fellow-feeling in another mind. Nay, she could love
and dwell with tenderness on the look and voice of her friend, while her
demeanour expressed the coldest reserve. A sensation with her became a
sentiment, and she never spoke until she had mingled her perceptions of
outward objects with others which were the native growth of her own
mind. She was like a fruitful soil that imbibed the airs and dews of heav-
en, and gave them forth again to light in loveliest forms of fruits and
flowers; but then she was often dark and rugged as that soil, raked up,
and new sown with unseen seed.
She dwelt in a cottage whose trim grass-plat sloped down to the wa-
ters of the lake of Ulswater; a beech wood stretched up the hill behind,
and a purling brook gently falling from the acclivity ran through poplar-
shaded banks into the lake. I lived with a farmer whose house was built
14

giải pháp cho các doanh nghiệp việt nam vượt qua những rào cản đối với hàng thủy sản nhập khẩu vào nhật

LINK DOWNLOAD MIỄN PHÍ TÀI LIỆU "giải pháp cho các doanh nghiệp việt nam vượt qua những rào cản đối với hàng thủy sản nhập khẩu vào nhật": http://123doc.vn/document/1041691-giai-phap-cho-cac-doanh-nghiep-viet-nam-vuot-qua-nhung-rao-can-doi-voi-hang-thuy-san-nhap-khau-vao-nhat.htm

CHNG 1:
THU V CC QUY NH NHP KHU THU SN CA NHT
BN
I. Tng quan v thu nhp khu
Thu nhp khu l thu chớnh ph ỏnh vo hng húa chuyờn ch qua biờn
gii quc gia hoc lónh th hi quan. õy l mt trong nhng cụng c lõu i
nht ca chớnh sỏch thng mi quc t, l bin phỏp ti chớnh ca Nh nc
nhm can thip vo hot ng ngoi thng, buụn bỏn trao i hng húa gia
cỏc quc gia. Bn cht ca thu nhp khu th hin hai phng din:
-V mt kinh t: thu nhp khu l khon úng gúp bt buc ca cỏc t
chc, cỏ nhõn cú tham gia vo hot ng nhp khu vo ngõn sỏch nh nc
-V mt xó hi: thu nhp khu phn ỏnh mi quan h gia nh nc v cỏc
phỏp nhõn, th nhõn tham gia vo hot ng nhp khu. Nú l mt cụng c
c nh nc s dng thc hin chc nng qun lý ca mỡnh i vi cỏc
hat ng kinh t i ngoi
Vai trũ ca thu nhp khu gm:
- Thu nhp khu to ngun thu cho ngn sỏch nh nc: nh nc huy
ng mt phn thu nhp quc dõn c to ra t hot ng nhp khu hng
húa tp trung vo ngõn sỏch nh nc.
5
- Thu nhp khu l mt cụng c ti chớnh c nh nc s dng kim
soỏt v iu tit hot ng nhp khu hng húa.
- Thu nhp khu bo h sn xut trong nc: vic nh mc th tỏc ng
trc tip ti giỏ c, sc cnh tranh ca hng húa nhp khu, th hin quan im
ba h ca nh nc i vi hng húa ni a
II. Thu v cỏc quy nh nhp khu thu sn ca Nht Bn
1. Thuế nhập khẩu
1.1. Sơ lợc về hệ thống thuế quan của Nhật Bản
Năm 1955, Nhật Bản là thành viên của Hiệp đinh chung về thuế quan và th-
ơng mại(GATT). Năm 1970, việc kiểm soát thuế quan đối với hầu hết các mặt
hàng đã đợc xoá bỏ. Năm 1980, ngoài các sản phẩm nông nghiệp và 1 số sản
phẩm công nghiệp cao, hầu hết các rào cản thuế quan đã đợc gỡ bỏ
Ngày 1/8/1971, hệ thống u đãi thuế quan của Nhật Bản bắt đầu có hiệu lực.
Mục tiêu của hệ thống này là kích thích các nớc đang phát triển tăng cờng xuất
khẩu vào Nhật để đẩu nhanh tốc độ tăng trởng, rút ngắn tiến trình công ngiệp
hoá, hiện đại hoá, hiện đại hóa đất nớc, xoá bỏ bất đồng giữa các nớc đang phát
triển với các nớc công nghiệp
Thông thờng các mặt hàng đợc áp dụng mức thuế u đãi thì không chịu giới
hạn của hạn ngạch. Nhng khi việc u đãi thuế quan này gây ảnh hởng xấu tới
ngành thuỷ sản Nhật Bản thì một quu định ngoại lệ sẽ đợc ban hành nhằm hoãn
việc áp dụng chế độ u đãi thuế quan cho các mặt hàng thủy sản nhập khẩu vào
Nhật Bản
1.2. Bốn mức thuế Nhật Bản đang áp dụng
6
Mức thuế chung: là mức thuế cơ bản căn cứ theo luật thuế quan Nhật Bản, đ-
ợc áp dụng trong một thời gian dài( nhng không áp dụng với các thành viên của
WTO)
Mức thuế tạm thời: là mức thuế đợc áp dụng trong 1 thời hạn nhất định
Mức thuế u đãi phổ cập(GSP): là mức thuế áp dụng cho việc nhập khẩu hàng
hoá từ các nớc đang phát triển hay các khu vực lãnh thổ. Mức thuế áp dụng có
thể thấp hơn những mức thuế đợc áp dụng cho các hàng hoá của những nớc
phát triển
Mức thuế WTO: là mc thuế căn cứ vào cam kết WTO và các hiệp định quốc
tế khác
Về nguyên tắc, mức thuế áp dụng theo thứ tự mức thuế GSP - mức thuế
WTO - mức thuế tạm thời - mức thuế chung.
2. Cỏc quy nh v nhp khu
2.1. Quy nh v an ton v sinh thc phm
Lut v sinh thc phm ca Nht Bn ra i nm 1947 c sa i, b
sung ln gn õy nht l ngy 30/5/2003. Mc ớch ca Lut v sinh thc phm
l ngn chn nhng thc phm nguy hi cho sc kho ca ngi tiờu dựng. Do
tỡnh trng hin nay nhiu nc sn xut ó s dng quỏ nhiu hoỏ cht trong
nuụi trng thu sn, ch bin thc phm v bo qun sn phm, Nht Bn ó
a ra cỏc quy nh mi, c th i vi tng mt hng thu sn nhp khu; lp
danh sỏch cỏc hoỏ cht, khỏng sinh b cm, nh lng c th cho nhng hoỏ
cht v khỏng sinh c phộp s dng; lờn danh sỏch hoỏ cht/khỏng sinh/ph
gia c phộp/khụng c phộp cú trong thc phm
7
2.2. Quy nh v kim dch thc phm
Lut kim dch ỏp dng cho cỏc mt hng nhp khu t ni ang cú dch
bnh hoc nghi ng cú dch bnh. Tt c cỏc mt hng thc phm ti khu vc
ang b dch, khi xut khu vo th trng Nht u phi cú giy chng nhn
v sinh an ton thc phm do nc xut khu cp
2.3. Quy nh v cht lng sn phm
Nht Bn cú ũi hi rt cao v cht lng sn phm. Lut trỏch nhim sn
phm quy nh: nh kinh doanh phi bi thng cho ngi tiờu dựng vỡ nhng
thit hi do s dng sn phm b li. Lut cú hiu lc k t 7/1995.
2.4. Quy nh v truy xut ngun gc sn phm
thc hin vic truy xut ngun gc thu sn, Nht Bn ó cú nhng quy
nh v nhón mỏc kht khe i vi cỏc mt hng thu sn nhp khu. Nht
Bn cũn yờu cu cỏc nc sn xut thc phm xut khu vo Nht phi thc
hin h thng truy xut ngun gc sn phm phự hp vi Nht Bn.
2.5. quy nh v bo v mụi trng
Nht rt coi trng vn mụi trng, cc mụi trng khuyn khớch s dng
sn phm úng du Ecomark. c úng du ny, sn phm ỏp ng cỏc
tiờu chun rt kht khe ca Nht
CHNG 2:
8
PHN TCH THU V CC QUY NH NHP KHU THY SN
CA NHT BN
I. Thc trng xut khu thy sn Vit Nam sang Nht thi gian qua
Xut khu thu sn ca Vit Nam sang Nht Bn trong 3 thp k qua cú xu
hng tng, tuy nhiờn v khi lng b gim nh vo giai on 1998-2000.
Trong giai on thp k 60-70, Nht chim ti 70 - 75% tng kim ngch
xut khu thu sn ca Vit Nam. Trong thp k 80 - 90, Vit Nam ó m rng
th trng xut khu, th phn Nht Bn thu hp xung mc 50 - 60%. Cui
thp k 90, t trng ny cũn 40-45% v n nay ch cũn khong 25-30%. õy
l t trng hp lý i vi c cu th trng xut khu ca thy sn Vit Nam.
Biu 1: Xut khu thy sn Vit Nam sang Nht 1997-2005
Ngun: B Thy Sn Vit Nam
9
Trong 3 tháng đầu năm 2008, giá trị xuất khẩu thuỷ sản Việt Nam sang
Nhật đạt 138,59 triu USD, tng 13,5%. Thy sản Việt Nam đợc thị trờng Nhật
Bản đánh giá khá cao. Đặc biệt các sản phẩm tôm, mực, cá ngừ đông lạnh rất
đợc a chung
Bng 1: Cỏc mt hng thy sn Vit Nam xut khu sang Nht 1998-2005
n v: 1000 USD
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Tụm L 215.261 240.133 291.035 289.606 345.394 388.541 521.427 517.831
Cỏ L
(tr cỏ
ng) 24.610 19.868 26.348 25.330 33.575 43.288 50.527

53.621
Mc L 45.350 39.453 41.958 46.368 46.438 35.534 46.173 50.573
Bch
tuc L 12.151 15.996 12.046 14.667 18.228 20.421 29.295 27.247
Mc khụ 17.121 14.997 15.369 13.198 17.326 10.766 20.255 17.225
Cỏ khụ 3.304 2.415 2.537 2.304 3.526 1.609 4.315 7.537
Ruc khụ 3.253 2.853 2.893 2.520 2.389 2.005 2.582 1.865
Cỏ ng
L 8.345 9.685 11.700 21.258 21.737 10.778 8.630 13.027
Mt hng
khỏc 28.142 37.673 65.587 50.650 48.846 69.896 88.991 111.842
Tng 357.537 383.073 469.473 465.901 537.459 582.838 772.195

785.876
Ngun: B Thy Sn Vit Nam
10
Trong những năm vừa qua, việc xuất khẩu thuỷ sản từ Việt Nam sang Nhật
Bản đã đạt đợc nhiều thành tựu đáng kể. Tuy nhiên những thành tựu đó là cha t-
ơng xứng với năng lực sản xuất, xuất khẩu thuỷ sản của các doanh ngiệp Việt
Nam, cũng nh nhu cầu to lớn của thị trờng Nhật Bản đối với các mặt hàng thuỷ
sản. Vẫn còn rất nhiều vấn đề đặt ra đối với các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam trong
việc xuất khẩu và tiêu thụ mặt hàng thủy sản tại thị trờng Nhật Bản. Một trong
số đó là làm thế nào để vợt qua một cách hiệu quả hàng rào thuế quan và các
quy định của Nhật Bản về nhập khẩu thuỷ sản. Đây là một trở ngại không nhỏ
đối với các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam khi muốn xuất khẩu thuỷ sản sang Nhật
II. Phõn tớch thu và các quy định nhập khẩu thuỷ sản của Nhật Bản
1. Thu nhập khẩu thy sn ca Nht Bn
Hng thy sn nhp khu vo Nht phi chu cỏc thu sau:
- Thu nhp khu, bao gm: thu giỏ tr gia tng, thu mua, thu ph thu v
cỏc thu a phng
- Thu tiờu th = (Thu nhp khu + Tr giỏ CIF ca hng nhp khu) x 5%
- Thu bao bỡ (khụng ỏp dng cho hng hoỏ < 10.000 yờn)
Sau khi np thu y , nh nhp khu nhn c giy phộp nhp khu v
tin hnh thụng quan.
Nhật Bản hiện áp dụng 4 mức thuế nhập khẩu theo thứ tự mức thuế GSP -
mức thuế WTO - mức thuế WTO - mức thuế tạm thời - mức thuế chung (bng
2). Mức thuế GSP chỉ áp dụng khi thoả mãn các điều kiện trong Chơng 8 của
Luật áp dụng thuế suất u đãi của Nhật Bản. Mức thuế WTO chỉ áp dụng khi nó
thấp hơn cả mức thuế tạm thời và mức thuế chung. Nh vậy mức thuế chung áp
11
dụng cho những nớc không phải là thành viên WTO, mức thuế WTO áp dụng
cho những nớc công nghiệp phát triển là thành viên WTO và mức thuế GSP áp
dụng cho các nớc đang phát triển. Nếu mức thuế tạm thời thấp hơn những mức
thuế trên nó sẽ đợc áp dụng.
Về điều kiện hởng quy chế u đãi đối với các mặt hàng thủy sản: Nhật Bản
đã đa ra danh sách các mặt hàng thuỷ sản đợc hởng quy chế u đãi(hệ thống
danh sách tích cực). Thuế nhập khẩu đối với các mặt hàng này thấp hơn từ
10%-100% so với biểu thuế chung. Thuế quan u đãi không áp dụng đối với các
sản phẩm không có tên trong danh sách tích cực.
Thông thờng các mặt hàng thuỷ sản đợc nhận quy chế u đãi thì không chịu
gới hạn của hạn ngạch. Tuy vậy nếu việc công nhận quy chế u đãi đối với hàng
nhập khẩu có thể gây ảnh ởng xấu tới ngành thủy sản trong nớc thì một quy
định về các trờng hợp ngoại lệ sẽ đợc đa ra để tạm hoãn quy chế u đãi của sản
phẩm này. ể áp dụng quy định này, phải chứng minh đợc việc áp dụng quy
chế u đãi sẽ dẫn đến tăng kim ngạch nhập khẩu thuỷ sản và các sản phẩm nhập
khẩu đó sẽ phơng hại đén việc sản xuất các mặt hàng tơng tự . Đồng thời, cũng
phải chứng minh rằng cần áp dụng các biện pháp khẩn cấp để bảo vệ ngành sản
xuất trong nớc .
Ưu đãi thuế quan phổ cập chỉ đựoc áp dụng cho những hàng hóa nhập khẩu
từ một khu vực hay một quốc gia đợc hởng qui chế GSP. Nơi xuất xứ của hàng
hóa là nơi mà hàng hoá đuợc sản xuất ra.
Bng2 : Biu thu mt s mt hng thy sn nhp khu vo Nht
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Ngun: B Thy Sn Vit Nam
Mặc dù quan hệ thơng mại v buụn bỏn gia Vit Nam - Nhật Bản thi gian
qua đã khá phỏt triển nhng tới nay Việt Nam vn cha đợc hởng chế độ u ói
tối huệ quốc(MFN) mt cỏch đầy đủ - theo nh quy định tại Điều 1 của GATT.
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Mó HS Mt hng Mc thu
chung WTO u ói
0306.11
0306.12
0306.13
Tụm hựm, tụm sỳ, tụm pandan ụng lnh 4% 1% 0%
0306.21
0306.22
0306.23
Tụm hựm, tụm sỳ, tụm pandan sng/ ti/ p
lnh
6% 5% 4%
0%
0306.19 - 010 Cỏc loi tụm khỏc ụng lnh 4% 2%
0306.29 - 110 Cỏc loi tụm khỏc sng/ ti/ p lnh 4% 2%
0306.14 - 010
020,030,040,090
0306.24 - 110
Cỏc loi sam, cua, gh ụng lnh/ sng/ ti/
p lnh
6% 4%
0303.44 Cỏ ng mt to (Thunnus obesus)
ụng lnh
5% 3,5%
0302.34 Cỏ ng (Thunnus obesus) ti/ p lnh 5% 3,5%
0303.46 Cỏ ng ễxtrõylia (Thunnus maccoyii) ụng lnh 5% 3,5%
0302.36 Cỏ ng ễxtrõylia (Thunnus maccoyii) ti/ p
lnh
5% 3,5%
0303.41 Cỏ ng võy di (Thunnus alalunga) 5% 3,5%
0302.31 Cỏ ng võy di (Thunnus alalunga) ti/ p
lnh
5% 3,5%
Đa phần các mặt hàng thuỷ sản Việt Nam nhập khẩu sang Nhật phải chịu
mức thuế chung - mức thuế cao nhất. Chế độ u đãi thuế quan phổ cập(GSP) hầu
nh không mang lại cho Việt Nam giá trị to lớn nào, vì số các mặt hàng có lợi
ích thiết thực trong GSP không nhiều, trong khi đó việc chứng minh và làm các
thủ tục để đợc hởng mức thuế u đãi lại tốn kém và mất nhiều thời gian. C th,
nếu hàng thủy sản nhập khẩu vào Nhật Bản có đủ điều kiện áp dụng mức
thuế u đẫi thì trớc tiên phải xin cấp giấy chứng nhận xuất xứ, sau đó làm thủ tục
xin hởng u đãi thuế quan của Nhật Bản. Giấy chứng nhận xuất xứ chỉ có giá trị
trong vòng 1 năm kể từ ngày cấp. Thời hạn hiệu lực có thể kéo dài, nhng ch
trong trng hp chứng minh đợc hoàn cảnh bất khả kháng nh gặp phải thiên
tai, hoả hoạn
Trờng hợp cha có giáy chứng nhận xuất xứ khi khai báo nhập khẩu, nhà
nhập khẩu cần trình các tài liệu chứng minh việc đã xin giấy chứng nhận xuất
xứ và nguyên nhân việc xuất trình chậm chễ, sau đó điền vào hai bản Đơn xin
hoãn xuất trình biểu mẫu A .
Một thực tế là rt nhiều loại mặt hàng thuỷ sản của Việt Nam khi xuất khẩu
sang Nhật Bn phải chịu một mức thuế cao hơn so với so với các mặt hàng
cùng loại của Trung Quốc và 1 số nớc Asean. Điều này đã làm tăng giá bán và
giảm sức cạnh tranh của hàng thuỷ sản Việt Nam trên thị trờng Nhật Bản .
2. Các quy định nhập khẩu thy sn ca Nht Bn
Vic nhp khu thc phm núi chung v cỏc mt hng thy sn núi riờng
vo Nht Bn phi tri qua rt nhiu bc, vi nhng quy nh ht sc nghiờm
ngt v th tc rm r (s 1). iu ny gõy rt nhiu khú khn cho nh
nhp khu .
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