Table of Contents
1.0 What Is the GMAT
®
? 6
1.1 Why Take the GMAT
®
Test? 7
1.2 GMAT
®
Test Format 8
1.3 What Is the Content of the Test Like? 10
1.4 Quantitative Section 10
1.5 Verbal Section 10
1.6 What Computer Skills Will I Need? 11
1.7 What Are the Test Centers Like? 11
1.8 How Are Scores Calculated? 11
1.9 Analytical Writing Assessment Scores 12
1.10 Test Development Process 13
2.0 How to Prepare 14
2
.1 Ho
w Can I Best Prepare to Take the Test? 15
2.2 What About Practice Tests? 15
2.3 How Should I Use the Diagnostic Test? 16
2.4 Where Can I Get Additional Practice? 16
2.5 General Test-Taking Suggestions 16
3.0 Diagnostic Test 18
3
.1 Qu
antitative Sample Questions 20
3.2 Verbal Sample Questions 27
3.3 Quantitative and Verbal Answer Keys 45
3.4 Interpretive Guide 45
3.5 Quantitative Answer Explanations 46
3.6 Verbal Answer Explanations 65
4.0 Math Review 106
4.
1 Ari
thmetic 108
4.2 Algebra 120
4.3 Geometry 127
4.4 Word Problems 140
5.0 Problem Solving 148
5
.1 Tes
t-Taking Strategies 150
5.2 The Directions 150
5.3 Sample Questions 152
5.4 Answer Key 186
5.5 Answer Explanations 188
6.0 Data Sufficiency 266
6
.1 Tes
t-Taking Strategies 268
6.2 The Directions 270
6.3 Sample Questions 272
6.4 Answer Key 289
6.5 Answer Explanations 290
7.0 Reading Comprehension 352
7
.1 Wh
at Is Measured 354
7.2 Test-Taking Strategies 356
7.3 The Directions 357
7.4 Sample Questions 358
7.5 Answer Key 408
7.6 Answer Explanations 409
8.0 Critical Reasoning 482
8.1 What Is Measured 484
8.2 Test-Taking Strategies 484
8.3 The Directions 485
8.4 Sample Questions 486
8.5 Answer Key 525
8.6 Answer Explanations 526
9.0 Sentence Correction 650
9
.1 Ba
sic English Grammar Rules 651
9.2 Study Suggestions 656
9.3 What Is Measured 656
9.4 Test-Taking Strategies 656
9.5 The Directions 657
9.6 Sample Questions 658
9.7 Answer Key 684
9.8 Answer Explanations 685
10.0 Analytical Writing Assessment 758
10
.1 W
hat Is Measured 759
10.2 Test-Taking Strategies 760
10.3 The Directions 761
10.4 GMAT
®
Scoring Guide: Analysis of an Issue 762
10.5 Sample: Analysis of an Issue 764
10.6 Analysis of an Issue Sample Topics 769
10.7 GMAT
®
Scoring Guide: Analysis of an Argument 790
10.8 Sample: Analysis of an Argument 792
10.9 Analysis of an Argument Sample Topics 796
Appendix A Percentile Ranking Tables 828
Appendix B Answer Sheets 834
Diag
nostic Answer Sheet 835
Problem Solving Answer Sheet 836
Data Sufficiency Answer Sheet 837
Reading Comprehension Answer Sheet 838
Critical Reasoning Answer Sheet 839
Sentence Correction Answer Sheet 840
Dear Future Business Leader,
By using this book to prepare for the GMAT® test, you are taking a very important step toward
gaining admission to a high-quality business or management program and achieving a rewarding
career in management. I applaud your decision.
e Graduate Management Admission Council® developed the GMAT test more than 50 years
ago to help leading graduate schools of business and management choose the applicants who best
suit their programs. Today, the test is used by more than 1,800 graduate programs and is given to
test takers daily in more than 110 countries around the world. Programs that use GMAT scores in
selective admissions have helped establish the MBA degree as a hallmark of excellence worldwide.
Why do GMAT scores matter so much? Other admissions factors—such as work experience,
grades, admissions essays, and interviews—can say something about who you are and what you have
done in your career, but only your GMAT scores can tell schools how you are likely to perform
academically in the business school courses that are fundamental to the MBA degree. In fact, the
test has been proven reliable as a predictor of academic performance for more than half a century.
In other words, business schools that require you to take the GMAT really care about the
quality of their student body. And excellent MBA students mean a stronger MBA program, a
more enriching learning environment, and a more valuable degree for you to take into the business
world. By enrolling in a school that uses the GMAT test for your graduate business degree, you
will maximize the value of your degree, and that value will pay off in many ways, throughout
your career.
I wish you great success in preparing for this important next step in your professional education,
and I wish you a very rewarding management career.
Sincerely
David A. Wilson
Pres
ident and CEO
Graduate Management Admission Council®
6
1.0 What Is the GMAT
®
?
7
1.0 What Is the GMAT
®
?
e Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®) is a standardized, three-part test delivered
in English. e test was designed to help admissions officers evaluate how suitable individual
applicants are for their graduate business and management programs. It measures basic verbal,
mathematical, and analytical writing skills that a test taker has developed over a long period of time
through education and work.
e GMAT test does not a measure a person’s knowledge of specific fields of study. Graduate
business and management programs enroll people from many diff erent undergraduate and work
backgrounds, so rather than test your mastery of any particular subject area, the GMAT test will
assess your acquired skills. Your GMAT score will give admissions officers a statistically reliable
measure of how well you are likely to perform academically in the core curriculum of a graduate
business program.
Of course, there are many other qualifications that can help people succeed in business school and in
their careers—for instance, job experience, leadership ability, motivation, and interpersonal skills.
e GMAT test does not gauge these qualities. at is why your GMAT score is intended to be
used as one standard admissions criterion among other, more subjective, criteria, such as admissions
essays and interviews.
1.1 Why Take the GMAT
®
Test?
GMAT scores are used by admissions officers in roughly 1,800 graduate business and management
programs worldwide. Schools that require prospective students to submit GMAT scores in the
application process are generally interested in
admitting the best-qualified applicants for their
programs, which means that you may find a more
beneficial learning environment at schools that
require GMAT scores as part of your application.
Because the GMAT test gauges skills that are
important to successful study of business and
management at the graduate level, your scores will
give you a good indication of how well prepared
you are to succeed academically in a graduate
management program; how well you do on the test
may also help you choose the business schools to
which you apply. Furthermore, the percentile table
you receive with your scores will tell you how your
performance on the test compares to the
performance of other test takers, giving you one
way to gauge your competition for admission to
business school.
1.0 What Is the GMAT
®
?
– If I don’t score in the 90th
percentile, I won’t get into
any school I choose.
F – Very few people get very
high scores.
Fewer than 50 of the more than 200,000
people taking the GMAT test each year
get a perfect score of 800. Thus, while
you may be exceptionally capable, the odds
are against your achieving a perfect score.
Also, the GMAT test is just one piece of
your application packet. Admissions offi cers
use GMAT scores in conjunction with
undergraduate records, application essays,
interviews, letters of recommendation, and
other information when deciding whom to
accept into their programs.
-vs- FACT
8
The Offi cial Guide for GMAT
®
Review 12th Edition
Schools consider many diff erent aspects of an application before making an admissions decision, so
even if you score well on the GMAT test, you should contact the schools that interest you to learn
more about them and to ask about how they use GMAT scores and other admissions criteria (such
as your undergraduate grades, essays, and letters of recommendation) to evaluate candidates for
admission. School admissions offices, school Web sites, and materials published by the school are
the best sources for you to tap when you are doing research about where you might want to go to
business school.
For more information about how schools should use GMAT scores in admissions decisions,
please read Appendix A of this book. For more information on the GMAT, registering to take
the test, sending your scores to schools, and applying to business school, please visit our Web site
at www.mba.com.
1.2 GMAT
®
Test Format
e GMAT test consists of four separately timed sections (see the table on the next page).
You start the test with two 30-minute Analytical Writing Assessment (AWA) questions that
require you to type your responses using the computer keyboard. e writing section is followed by
two 75-minute, multiple-choice sections: the Quantitative and Verbal sections of the test.
e GMAT is a computer-adaptive test (CAT),
which means that in the multiple-choice sections
of the test, the computer constantly gauges how
well you are doing on the test and presents you
with questions that are appropriate to your ability
level. ese questions are drawn from a huge pool
of possible test questions. So, although we talk
about the GMAT as one test, the GMAT test you
take may be completely diff erent from the test of
the person sitting next to you.
Here’s how it works. At the start of each GMAT
multiple-choice section (Verbal and Quantitative),
you will be presented with a question of moderate
difficulty. e computer uses your response to that
first question to determine which question to
present next. If you respond correctly, the test
usually will give you questions of increasing
difficulty. If you respond incorrectly, the next
question you see usually will be easier than the one
you answered incorrectly. As you continue to
respond to the questions presented, the computer
will narrow your score to the number that best
characterizes your ability. When you complete
each section, the computer will have an accurate
assessment of your ability.
– Getting an easier question
means I answered the last one
wrong.
F – Getting an easier question
does not necessarily mean you
got the previous question
wrong.
To ensure that everyone receives the same
content, the test selects a specifi c number
of questions of each type. The test may call
for your next question to be a relatively
hard problem-solving item involving
arithmetic operations. But, if there are no
more relatively diffi cult problem-solving
items involving arithmetic, you might be
given an easier item.
Most people are not skilled at estimating
item diffi culty, so don’t worry when taking
the test or waste valuable time trying to
determine the diffi culty of the questions
you are answering.
-vs- FACT
9
Because each question is presented on the basis of your answers to all previous questions, you must
answer each question as it appears. You may not skip, return to, or change your responses to
previous questions. Random guessing can significantly lower your scores. If you do not know the
answer to a question, you should try to eliminate as many choices as possible, then select the answer
you think is best. If you answer a question incorrectly by mistake—or correctly by lucky guess—
your answers to subsequent questions will lead you back to questions that are at the appropriate level
of difficulty for you.
Each multiple-choice question used in the GMAT test has been thoroughly reviewed by
professional test developers. New multiple-choice questions are tested each time the test is
administered. Answers to trial questions are not counted in the scoring of your test, but the trial
questions are not identified and could appear anywhere in the test. erefore, you should try to do
your best on every question.
e test includes the types of questions found in this guide, but the format and presentation of the
questions are diff erent on the computer. When you take the test:
Only one question at a time is presented on the computer screen. •
e answer choices for the multiple-choice questions will be preceded by circles, rather than by •
letters.
Diff erent question types appear in random order in the multiple-choice sections of the test. •
You must select your answer using the computer. •
You must choose an answer and confirm your choice before moving on to the next question. •
You may not go back to change answers to previous questions. •
1.2 What Is the GMAT
®
? GMAT
®
Test Format
Format of the GMAT
®
Questions Timing
Analytical Writing
Analysis of an Argument
Analysis of an Issue
1
1
30 min.
30 min.
Optional break 5 min.
Quantitative
Problem Solving
Data Sufficiency
37 75 min.
Optional break 5 min.
Verbal
Reading Comprehension
Critical Reasoning
Sentence Correction
41 75 min.
Total Time: 210–220 min.
10
The Offi cial Guide for GMAT
®
Review 12th Edition
1.3 What Is the Content of the Test Like?
It is important to recognize that the GMAT test evaluates skills and abilities developed over a
relatively long period of time. Although the sections contain questions that are basically verbal and
mathematical, the complete test provides one method of measuring overall ability.
Keep in mind that although the questions in this guide are arranged by question type and ordered
from easy to difficult, the test is organized diff erently. When you take the test, you may see diff erent
types of questions in any order.
1.4 Quantitative Section
e GMAT Quantitative section measures your ability to reason quantitatively, solve quantitative
problems, and interpret graphic data.
Two types of multiple-choice questions are used in the Quantitative section:
Problem solving •
Data sufficiency •
Problem solving and data sufficiency questions are intermingled throughout the Quantitative
section. Both types of questions require basic knowledge of:
Arithmetic •
Elementary algebra •
Commonly known concepts of geometry •
To review the basic mathematical concepts that will be tested in the GMAT Quantitative
questions, see the math review in chapter 4. For test-taking tips specific to the question types in
the Quantitative section of the GMAT test, sample questions, and answer explanations, see
chapters 5 and 6.
1.5 Verbal Section
e GMAT Verbal section measures your ability to read and comprehend written material, to
reason and evaluate arguments, and to correct written material to conform to standard written
English. Because the Verbal section includes reading sections from several diff erent content areas,
you may be generally familiar with some of the material; however, neither the reading passages nor
the questions assume detailed knowledge of the topics discussed.
ree types of multiple-choice questions are used in the Verbal section:
Reading comprehension •
Critical reasoning •
Sentence correction •
ese question types are intermingled throughout the Verbal section.
11
For test-taking tips specific to each question type in the Verbal section, sample questions, and
answer explanations, see chapters 7 through 9.
1.6 What Computer Skills Will I Need?
You only need minimal computer skills to take the GMAT Computer-Adaptive Test (CAT). You
will be required to type your essays on the computer keyboard using standard word-processing
keystrokes. In the multiple-choice sections, you will select your responses using either your mouse or
the keyboard.
To learn more about the specific skills required to take the GMAT CAT, download the free test-
preparation software available at www.mba.com.
1.7 What Are the Test Centers Like?
e GMAT test is administered at a test center providing the quiet and privacy of individual
computer workstations. You will have the opportunity to take two five-minute breaks—one after
completing the essays and another between the Quantitative and Verbal sections. An erasable
notepad will be provided for your use during the test.
1.8 How Are Scores Calculated?
Your GMAT scores are determined by:
e number of questions you answer •
Whether you answer correctly or incorrectly •
e level of difficulty and other statistical characteristics of each question •
Your Verbal, Quantitative, and Total GMAT scores are determined by a complex mathematical
procedure that takes into account the difficulty of the questions that were presented to you and how
you answered them. When you answer the easier questions correctly, you get a chance to answer
harder questions—making it possible to earn a higher score. After you have completed all the
questions on the test—or when your time is up—the computer will calculate your scores. Your
scores on the Verbal and Quantitative sections are combined to produce your Total score. If you have
not responded to all the questions in a section (37 Quantitative questions or 41 Verbal questions),
your score is adjusted, using the proportion of questions answered.
Appendix A contains the 2007 percentile ranking tables that explain how your GMAT scores
compare with scores of other 2007 GMAT test takers.
1.6 What Is the GMAT
®
? What Computer Skills Will I Need?
12
The Offi cial Guide for GMAT
®
Review 12th Edition
1.9 Analytical Writing Assessment Scores
e Analytical Writing Assessment consists of two writing tasks: Analysis of an Issue and Analysis
of an Argument. e responses to each of these tasks are scored on a 6-point scale, with 6 being the
highest score and 1, the lowest. A score of zero (0) is given to responses that are off -topic, are in a
foreign language, merely attempt to copy the topic, consist only of keystroke characters, or are
blank.
e readers who evaluate the responses are college and university faculty members from various
subject matter areas, including management education. ese readers read holistically—that is, they
respond to the overall quality of your critical thinking and writing. (For details on how readers are
qualified, visit www.mba.com.) In addition, responses may be scored by an automated scoring
program designed to reflect the judgment of expert readers.
Each response is given two independent ratings. If the ratings diff er by more than a point, a third
reader adjudicates. (Because of ongoing training and monitoring, discrepant ratings are rare.)
Your final score is the average (rounded to the nearest half point) of the four scores independently
assigned to your responses—two scores for the Analysis of an Issue and two for the Analysis of an
Argument. For example, if you earned scores of 6 and 5 on the Analysis of an Issue and 4 and 4 on
the Analysis of an Argument, your final score would be 5: (6 + 5 + 4 + 4) ÷ 4 = 4.75, which rounds
up to 5.
Your Analytical Writing Assessment scores are computed and reported separately from the
multiple-choice sections of the test and have no eff ect on your Verbal, Quantitative, or Total scores.
e schools that you have designated to receive your scores may receive your responses to the
Analytical Writing Assessment with your score report. Your own copy of your score report will not
include copies of your responses.
Không có nhận xét nào:
Đăng nhận xét