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Bergen
5
A visit to Bergen
Bergen is placed in one of Norway’s most beautiful
lush natural areas in the west country. The city is the
midpoint of the entire fjord area, stretching along
Norway’s coast, with Sognefjord and Hardangerfjord as
the longest.
Bergen’s 225.000 residents live in the old historical
town which was once Norway’s capital. Until the
railway opened in 1909 and more recently when
highways were built, the residents were isolated,
with waterways being the primary mode of
transportation.
It is also from here that the famous Hurtigruten (fast
route) to Nordkapp and Kirkenes originates.
Happy holiday!
A visit to Bergen
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Bergen
6
Historical outline
Bergen is one of the oldest cities in the north and its
history is closely related to its location near the sea.
The city has existed since 1070 when King Olav
Kyrre granted Bergen its city charter. At that time it
was a small settlement by the harbour but quickly
evolved into the city of residence for visiting Nordic
regents.
In 1233 Håkon Håkonsson’s right to the Norwegian
throne confirmed in Bergen by a great assembly of
the country’s leaders and in 1240 the city was
officially declared Norway’s capital instead of
Trondhjem.
King Håkon Håkonsson resided in Bergen with his
entire court. He was a popular king and his long
reign was marked by peace.
Håkon’s son Magnus married the Danish princess
Ingeborg in 1261 and was proclaimed the new king
on the same day. This happened in Håkonshallen
which can be seen at the fortress of Bergenhus.
As early as 1236 permanent German trade
connections were established in Bergen – something
which was to affect developments in coming
centuries.
The Hanseatic League was founded in Bergen and is
first mentioned in 1343. Once commercial privileges
were granted by the Danish kings, German
merchants quickly gained control of most of the
city’s trade.
The Middle Ages brought with it the Black Death,
and Norway was heavily hit. Almost one half of the
population succumbed and for the next 400 years
the country was ruled from Denmark, although the
latest years from Sweden.
In 1380 the kingdoms of Norway and Denmark
were united under the Danish crown.
Bergen’s regional role was still unique and
continued to develop. People from the northern
territories had to obtain royal permission to sell
their fish in the city’s markets. The German
merchants established their markets at Tyskerbryggen
(now called just Bryggen) and the area behind it.
The power of the Hanseatic League was broken in
1599 by the feudal ruler Kristoffer Walckendorf. In
the years to follow, the League maintained their
contacts and was a significant trade factor, but
around 1630 its influence declined. The last
German trading house was sold to Norwegians in
1764.
Bergen’s role as a trading centre was not over with
the demise of the German traders. Norwegian
merchants took over; and particularly the old social
elite established great trading houses in the
centuries to follow.
1702 was the year of one of Bergen’s many great
fires. A great portion of the city was lost in the
flames.
The 19
th
century saw great cultural growth in
Bergen. Some of the great artists of the time,
among them Ole Bull and Edvard Grieg, lived and
worked in the region. Norwegian theatre was
established and the first public library was opened.
The city’s population exploded during this
prosperous period, from 17.000 in 1855 to 103.000
in 1920.
In 1905 Norway won its independence and railway
tracks were laid to Bergen, integrating the coastal
city with the capital of Oslo in a totally new way.
In 1916 there again was a great fire in Bergen. This
time more than 400 houses were destroyed, making
more than 4,000 of the city’s residents homeless.
Life in Bergen has always been revolved around
fishing from the waters just outside the city and
along the entire Norwegian coast.
Historical outline
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Bergen
7
In the last half of the 20
th
century increased offshore
drilling and finding of oil in the Norwegian marine
underground has resulted in a significant economic
upswing that has had a positive affect on welfare,
industry and trade.
Today, Bergen is still the centre of Norway’s oil
industry, shipping and fishing but the city has also
evolved into a power center for oceanographic
research and environmental studies.
Historical outline
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Bergen
8
Tour 1: Bergen
1. Cathedral/Domkirken
Domkirkegaten 3
Bergen’s cathedral is one of the few churches which
has survived the many great fires since the Middle
Ages. The lowest part of the church is the oldest,
constructed in the 13
th
century in Gothic style.
A canon ball is embedded in the wall of the tower,
from a battle in 1665 in Bergen’s harbour between
British and Dutch ships.
2. Church of the Cross (Korskirken)
Kong Oscars gate 22
Like the cathedral, the Church of the Cross has
survived since the Middle Ages; but the present
church building is built primarily in Renaissance
style in the 17
th
century.
Tour 1: Bergen
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Bergen
9
3. Floybanen
Vetrlidsalmenning 21
Floybanen is Scandinavia’s only funicular (cable car).
It departs from the centre of Bergen and ascends
Floy Mountain to a height of 320 meters.
The funicular was opened in 1918 after more than 3
years’ construction. It is 844 meters long with an
ascent of 15-26 degrees. The present cars are from
2002.
The ride lasts 8 minutes with an exquisitely beautiful
view over Bergen’s centre and much of the
surrounding sea and mountains.
4. Hanseatic Museum
Finnegårdsgaten 1a
The Hanseatic Museum is located in one best
preserved buildings in Bergen. The house was built
in 1704 as office and residence for a German
merchant.
From 1350 until1750 it was German merchants who
sold dried fish from Bergen’s trading houses. The
house’s original interior is on display in the museum
and gives a good impression of the Hansa
merchant’s daily life.
5. The Fish Market/Fisketorvet
Torget
Since 1276 fishing trade in Bergen has been
regulated and located at centrally placed squares.
Since 1558 the market has been located at Vågen, as
many fish from local cutters were landed here. For
centuries fish was the primary product sold.
Today, the Fish Market is one of Norway’s most
exciting outdoor markets, where you can buy fruit,
flowers, souvenirs and of course a wide variety of
fish, for which the city is famous.
In the centre of the square is the Minebøssen, a sea
mine on a pedestal with a bronze relief created by
the artist Sofus Madsen from Bergen in
commemoration of the seamen who lost their lives
in World War I.
Tour 1: Bergen
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Bergen
10
6. Bryggen
Bergen’s famous wharf comprises several old
wooden trading houses from 1702 in the style of
northern Germany, whose gables face Vågen.
Bryggens promenade is especially charming, with
many shops and restaurants as well as other activities.
7. Schootstuerne
Øvregaten 50
Near the port are several Hansa gathering houses
which were used for various purposes, such as
teaching, court trials and feasts.
The Schootstuerne, open to the public, are in part
original and in part reconstructed, which together
with the Hanseatic Museum provides an interesting
picture of the life and society of the German
merchants in Bergen.
8. Maria Church
Dreggen
Maria Church from the 12the century is Bergen’s
oldest building. The church is one of Norway’s
finest constructions in the Roman style. Later
additions are in Gothic style, the lovely pulpit is
Baroque and there is a very well preserved medieval
altarpiece.
Since 1248 the church has survived the city’s many
fires. Even the towers are original, though repaired
in 1248. Maria Church was owned by the Hanseatic
merchants from 1408 to 1766 and up to 1906
services were held entirely in German.
Tour 1: Bergen
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Bergen
11
9. Bryggen Museum
Dreggsalmenning 3
The museum houses archaeological findings from
medieval Bergen. The city was at its pinnacle in the
14
th
century, when it was Norway’s largest and most
cosmopolitan trading center. This era is
reconstructed in Bryggen Museum.
The museum was founded in 1955, after the last fire
which devastated Bryggen. Many archaeological
excavations were made in the period 1955-1972; and
many different types of finds can be seen here.
10. Bergenhus Fortress
The fort was constructed in the 13
th
century and is
one of Norway’s great medieval monuments.
Håkons Hall is a royal banquet hall from 1261,
which is used today for concerts and official events.
The Rosenkrantz Tower was constructed by Erik
Rosenkrantz in the 1560’s as a residence and
defence installation.
Tour 1: Bergen
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thinking
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Bergen
12
11. Norway’s Fishing Museum
Bontelabo 2
In Bergen’s national fishing museum, exhibits deal
with exploitation of marine resources and the history
of Norwegian fishing through the ages.
The museum shows the natural basis for fishing,
fishing administration, historical fishing equipment
as well as various ship models. There is also a
review of the processes involved in the production
of dried fish as well as the many different species of
fish.
Tour 1: Bergen
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Bergen
13
Tour 2: Bergen
12. Bergen Art Museum/
Bergen Kunstmuseum
Rasmus Meyers Allé 3
Bergen’s Art Museum is one of Norway’s largest
museums, exhibiting art from the 15
th
century to
today. The museum is located in three separate
buildings.
13. The Power Company/Lysverket
Rasmus Meyers Allé 9
In what was once an office building one can stroll
through art history from Russian icons of the 15
th
century to the Renaissance, Baroque and
Neoclassical masters up to contemporary art.
There is a fine exhibit from the Norwegian Golden
Age (1840- 1900, including a special exhibit of works
by J.C. Dahl.
There is also a section with Norwegian and foreign
art from the 20
th
century, and in the magnificent
tower building you’ll find art from the last 20 years.
The museum building was constructed in 1938 for
Bergen’s power company (Lysverker) in rigid
neoclassical style with elements of art Deco and
functionalism.
14. Rasmus Meyer Collections
Rasmus Meyers Allé 7
The business man Rasmus Meyer collected in the
first half of the 20th century paintings by relatively
unknown artists who later became famous.
The collection includes some of the finest works by
Edvard Munch found outside of Oslo, paintings by
J.C. Dahl, Adolph Tidemand and others.
The museum’s interior is very interesting with the
varied styles in the many rooms. The building was
designed by Ole Landmark and built in 1924.
15. Stenersens Collection
Rasmus Meyers Allé 3
This part of the museum displays modern art from
the 20
th
century and has among other works
Northern Europe’s largest collection of Paul Klee
as well as many well-known works by Picasso. The
collection also provides a good insight into modern
Norwegian art.
The museum was founded after Rolf Stenersen’s
donation of his art collection to Bergen Kommune
in 1971. The museum opened in 1978. The
building’s most characteristic feature is the variation
between closed and open spaces which open on to
beautiful natural surroundings.
Tour 2: Bergen
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Bergen
14
16. Grieg Hall
Edvard Grieg Plass 1
The hall, named after fellow townsman Edvard
Grieg, was constructed in 1978 and houses Bergen’s
philharmonic orchestra.
17. Assembly Square/Festpladsen
The square is Bergen’s very beautifully arranged
central square, and a good starting point for a stroll
around the octagonal lake Lille Lungegårdvann, lying at
the foot of Bergen Art Museum’s buildings. The
square is also a wonderful place for enjoying
Bergen’s surrounding mountains with the many
colourful houses.
18. Vestland Museum of Applied Arts/
Vestlandske Kunstindustrimuseum
Nordahl Brunsgate 9
The museum is considered to be one of Norway’s
best and houses large collections of Norwegian,
European and Chinese ethnic works.
Tour 2: Bergen
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